Abstract：
Over the years, advancements in antiemetic drugs have improved chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) control. However, despite the antiemetics therapies, in a relevant number of adult patients (∼30 %), CINV is still persistent, leading to several complications, such as electrolyte imbalances, anorexia, and treatment discontinuation. Supportive care interventions have gained credibility in cancer care, helping to improve patients\' psycho-physical condition, quality of life, and managing symptoms, including CINV. Physical exercise and tailored nutritional counseling have demonstrated benefits in reducing the severity of nausea and vomiting. Psychological intervention has been postulated as a key approach in controlling anticipatory nausea/vomiting, as well as acupuncture/acupressure has been shown to decrease nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy treatments. In the current review, we aim to provide a clinical update on current prophylactic and delayed antiemetic guidelines for CINV and an overview of the non-pharmacological interventions tested for alleviating CINV in patients with cancer.
摘要：
多年来,止吐药的进展改善了化疗引起的恶心和呕吐(CINV)控制.然而,尽管有止吐药治疗,在相关数量的成人患者中(~30%)，CINV仍然持续存在，导致几个并发症，如电解质不平衡，厌食症,并停止治疗。支持性护理干预在癌症护理中获得了可信度，帮助改善患者的心理身体状况，生活质量,控制症状，包括CINV。体育锻炼和量身定制的营养咨询已证明在减少恶心和呕吐的严重程度方面有益处。心理干预被认为是控制预期性恶心/呕吐的关键方法，以及针灸/穴位按摩已被证明可以减少化疗后的恶心和呕吐。在当前的审查中，我们的目标是提供有关CINV的现行预防性和延迟性止吐指南的临床更新,并概述在癌症患者中用于缓解CINV的非药物干预措施.
