Abstract：
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) share traits, especially in social skills and negative symptoms, and to a lesser degree positive symptoms. Differential diagnosis can be challenging and discerning expressive and experiential negative symptoms may provide knowledge with potential diagnostic and functional relevance that can guide treatment. Two exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were conducted to reveal the underlying dimensions of negative and positive symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms & Negative Symptoms (SAPS/SANS) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G). Three factors emerged from the negative symptom EFA (70.5 % variance): NF1) Expressive Negative; NF2) Experiential Negative; and NF3) Preoccupation, Absorption & Expressive Affective Flattening. Three positive factors emerged (68.6 % variance): PF1) Hallucinations-Delusions; PF2) Grandiosity; and PF3) Thought Disorder-ADOS positive Symptoms. SZ showed higher PF1 scores, and ASD had higher PF3 scores. No differences between groups were observed in the negative factors. Across groups, all negative factors were inversely associated with quality of life. Only NF1 and NF2 and PF1 were detrimentally related to social functioning. A discriminant function analysis using all factors classified correctly 84.4 % of participants, with PF1, NF1 followed by NF2 being the best predictors of diagnosis. Expressive negative followed by Experiential negative symptoms are of diagnostic value independent of and beyond SZ-related positive symptoms and are related with detrimental functioning. Findings confirm the need to distinctively target negative symptoms, and specific SZ-related and ASD-related positive symptoms, and especially the use of several assessment tools for diagnostic classification.
摘要：
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和精神分裂症（SZ）共有特征，特别是在社交技能和阴性症状方面，和较小程度的阳性症状。鉴别诊断可能是具有挑战性的，辨别表达性和经验性阴性症状可能提供具有潜在诊断和功能相关性的知识，可以指导治疗。使用阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）进行了两个探索性因素分析（EFA）以揭示阴性和阳性症状的潜在维度。阳性症状和阴性症状评估量表（SAPS/SANS）和自闭症诊断观察量表（ADOS-G）。阴性症状EFA出现了三个因素（70.5％方差）：NF1）表达阴性；NF2）经验阴性；和NF3）专注，吸收和表达情感扁平化。出现了三个积极因素（差异68.6％）：PF1）幻觉-妄想；PF2）宏伟；和PF3）思想障碍-ADOS阳性症状。SZ表现出更高的PF1成绩，ASD的PF3评分较高。在负面因素方面没有观察到组间差异。跨群体,所有负面因素均与生活质量呈负相关.只有NF1和NF2和PF1与社会功能相关。使用所有因素的判别函数分析正确分类了84.4%的参与者，PF1，NF1其次是NF2是最好的诊断预测因子。表达阴性，然后是经验阴性症状具有诊断价值，与SZ相关的阳性症状无关，并且与有害功能有关。研究结果证实有必要明确针对阴性症状，和特定的SZ相关和ASD相关的阳性症状，特别是使用几种评估工具进行诊断分类。
