Abstract：
Within global health and development, dissatisfaction with nongovernmental organisations\' effectiveness (NGOs) is an increasingly pervasive aspect of programming. Today, the international community no longer accepts that NGOs are doing what they claim. This change in expectations has emphasised the importance of measuring organisational effectiveness for improved health and development impact. Using New Institutionalism as a theoretical framework, we investigated how institutional norms and expectations influence the adoption of structures and processes by NGOs, and Early Childhood Development (ECD) programming effectiveness in Rwanda - since little research connects these concepts. We employed qualitative methods: 45 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions. Findings revealed a misalignment of \'organizational effectiveness\' across scales, from global to local. Findings stress that, effectiveness, though an expectation of the institutional environment, may not be a valid construct for NGOs, generating implications for ECD programming. Findings also indicate measurement of global health interventions generally and the notion of effectiveness specifically can yield adverse implications for ECD programming. These findings are relevant for researchers and practitioners trying to better understand organisational effectiveness for ECD programmes because they suggest that effectiveness is socially constructed and measured differently across the different scales.
摘要：
在全球健康和发展中，对非政府组织有效性(NGO)的不满是节目编制日益普遍的一个方面。今天,国际社会不再接受非政府组织正在做他们声称的事情。这种期望的变化强调了衡量组织有效性以改善健康和发展影响的重要性。以新制度主义为理论框架，我们调查了制度规范和期望如何影响非政府组织对结构和流程的采用，以及卢旺达的早期儿童发展（ECD）计划有效性-因为很少有研究将这些概念联系起来。我们采用了定性方法：45次深入访谈和6次焦点小组讨论。研究结果表明，“组织有效性”在各个尺度上存在错位，从全球到本地。调查结果强调，有效性,尽管对制度环境的期望，可能不是非政府组织的有效结构，对幼儿发展计划产生影响。调查结果还表明，总体上衡量全球卫生干预措施，特别是有效性概念可能对ECD计划产生不利影响。这些发现对于试图更好地了解ECD计划的组织有效性的研究人员和从业人员来说是相关的，因为它们表明有效性是社会建构的，并且在不同的尺度上进行了不同的衡量。
