PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Music is ubiquitous, both in its instrumental and vocal forms. While speech perception at birth has been at the core of an extensive corpus of research, the origins of the ability to discriminate instrumental or vocal melodies is still not well investigated. In previous studies comparing vocal and musical perception, the vocal stimuli were mainly related to speaking, including language, and not to the non-language singing voice. In the present study, to better compare a melodic instrumental line with the voice, we used singing as a comparison stimulus, to reduce the dissimilarities between the two stimuli as much as possible, separating language perception from vocal musical perception. In the present study, 45 newborns were scanned, 10 full-term born infants and 35 preterm infants at term-equivalent age (mean gestational age at test = 40.17 weeks, SD = 0.44) using functional magnetic resonance imaging while listening to five melodies played by a musical instrument (flute) or sung by a female voice. To examine the dynamic task-based effective connectivity, we employed a psychophysiological interaction of co-activation patterns (PPI-CAPs) analysis, using the auditory cortices as seed region, to investigate moment-to-moment changes in task-driven modulation of cortical activity during an fMRI task. Our findings reveal condition-specific, dynamically occurring patterns of co-activation (PPI-CAPs). During the vocal condition, the auditory cortex co-activates with the sensorimotor and salience networks, while during the instrumental condition, it co-activates with the visual cortex and the superior frontal cortex. Our results show that the vocal stimulus elicits sensorimotor aspects of the auditory perception and is processed as a more salient stimulus while the instrumental condition activated higher-order cognitive and visuo-spatial networks. Common neural signatures for both auditory stimuli were found in the precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus. Finally, this study adds knowledge on the dynamic brain connectivity underlying the newborns capability of early and specialized auditory processing, highlighting the relevance of dynamic approaches to study brain function in newborn populations.
摘要：
音乐无处不在，无论是器乐形式还是声乐形式。虽然出生时的言语感知一直是广泛研究语料库的核心，区分器乐或声乐旋律的能力的起源仍未得到很好的研究。在以前的研究中，比较声乐和音乐感知，声音刺激主要与说话有关，包括语言,而不是非语言的歌声。在本研究中,为了更好地将旋律乐器线条与声音进行比较，我们用唱歌作为比较刺激，尽可能地减少两种刺激之间的差异，将语言感知与声乐感知分开。在本研究中,45名新生儿被扫描,10名足月出生婴儿和35名足月龄相同的早产儿（测试时的平均胎龄=40.17周，SD=0.44）使用功能磁共振成像，同时聆听乐器（长笛）演奏或女性声音演唱的五首旋律。要检查基于任务的动态有效连接，我们采用了共激活模式的心理生理相互作用(PPI-CAPs)分析，使用听觉皮层作为种子区域，研究功能磁共振成像任务期间任务驱动的皮质活动调制的时刻变化。我们的发现揭示了特定的条件，动态发生的共激活模式(PPI-CAPs)。在声乐状态下，听觉皮层与感觉运动和显着性网络共同激活，而在仪器状态下，它与视觉皮层和上额叶皮层共同激活。我们的结果表明，声音刺激会引起听觉感知的感觉运动方面，并被处理为更突出的刺激，而仪器条件会激活高阶认知和视觉空间网络。两种听觉刺激的共同神经特征均见于前回和扣带回后回。最后,这项研究增加了有关新生儿早期和专门听觉处理能力的动态大脑连通性的知识，强调动态方法研究新生儿人群脑功能的相关性。
