PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
(1) Background: There is a balance between nutrition, glycemic control, and immune response. Their roles in physiological mechanisms are essential for maintaining life quality. This study aimed to evaluate hawthorn vinegar\'s metabolic effects, and describe its possible mechanism. We also pointed out several vinegar production methods to clarify the antioxidant features. (2) Methods: In the study, three vinegar techniques were applied to vinegar: traditional production of hawthorn vinegar (N), thermal pasteurization (P), and ultrasound method (U). Thirty-two female adult Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups: Control, N1 (regular vinegar; 1 mL/kg bw), P1 (pasteurized vinegar; 1 mL/kg bw), and U1(ultrasound treated vinegar; 1 mL/kg bw). Vinegar was administered by oral gavage daily for 45 days. Initial and final weights, the percentage changes of body weight gains, and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) values of plasma and liver were measured. The total protein, globulin, and albumin values of plasma, liver, and intestinal tissue were determined. In addition, plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose concentrations were evaluated. (3) Results: There was a statistical increase in total intestinal protein value and an increasing tendency in total protein in plasma and liver in group U1 compared to group Control. However, the GGT concentrations in plasma and liver were slightly lower in group U1 than in group Control. In addition, there were significant increases in plasma GLP-1 values in all experimental groups compared to the Control group (p: 0.015; 576.80 ± 56.06, 773.10 ± 28.92, 700.70 ± 17.05 and 735.00 ± 40.70; respectively groups control, N1, P1, and U1). Also, liver GLP-1 concentrations in groups P1 and U1 were higher than in group Control (p: 0.005; 968.00 ± 25.54, 1176 ± 17.54 and 1174.00 ± 44.06, respectively groups control, P1 and U1). On the other hand, significant decreases were found in plasma glucose concentrations in groups N1 and U1 as to the Control group (p: 0.02; Control: 189.90 ± 15.22, N1: 133.10 ± 7.32 and U1: 142.30 ± 4.14). Besides, liver glucose levels were lower in all experimental groups than in group Control statistically (p: 0.010; 53.47 ± 0.97, 37.99 ± 1.46, 44.52 ± 4.05 and 44.57 ± 2.39, respectively groups control, N1, P1, and U1). (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that hawthorn vinegar can balance normal physiological conditions via intestinal health, protein profiles, and glycemic control. Additionally, ultrasound application of vinegar may improve the ability of hawthorn vinegar, and have positive effects on general health.
摘要：
（1）背景：营养之间存在平衡，血糖控制,和免疫反应。它们在生理机制中的作用对于维持生活质量至关重要。本研究旨在评估山楂醋的代谢作用，并描述其可能的机制。我们还指出了几种食醋的生产方法，以阐明其抗氧化特性。(2)方法:在研究中,三种醋技术应用于醋：传统生产山楂醋（N），热巴氏灭菌（P），和超声方法(U)。32只雌性成年Wistar白化病大鼠随机分为4组:对照组,N1（普通醋；1毫升/千克体重），P1（巴氏杀菌醋；1毫升/千克体重），和U1(超声处理的醋;1mL/kg体重)。每天通过口服管饲法施用醋,持续45天。初始和最终重量，体重增加的百分比变化，测量血浆和肝脏的γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）值。总蛋白质，球蛋白,和血浆白蛋白值，肝脏,和肠组织测定。此外,评估血浆胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)和葡萄糖浓度.（3）结果：与对照组相比，U1组血浆和肝脏中的总肠蛋白值有统计学增加，总蛋白有增加的趋势。然而,U1组血浆和肝脏中的GGT浓度略低于对照组。此外,与对照组相比，所有实验组的血浆GLP-1值均显着增加（p：0.015;576.80±56.06、773.10±28.92、700.70±17.05和735.00±40.70；对照组，N1,P1,U1)。此外，P1组和U1组的肝脏GLP-1浓度高于对照组（p：0.005;对照组分别为968.00±25.54、1176±17.54和1174.00±44.06，P1和U1)。另一方面,与对照组相比，N1和U1组的血浆葡萄糖浓度显着下降（p：0.02；对照组：189.90±15.22，N1：133.10±7.32和U1：142.30±4.14）。此外,所有实验组的肝脏葡萄糖水平均低于对照组（p：0.010;对照组分别为53.47±0.97、37.99±1.46、44.52±4.05和44.57±2.39，N1,P1,U1)。(4)结论:山楂醋可以通过肠道健康平衡正常生理状态,蛋白质谱,和血糖控制。此外,超声波应用醋可以提高山楂醋的能力，并对总体健康产生积极影响。
