PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Zinc, a vital trace element, holds significant importance in numerous physiological processes within the body. It participates in over 300 enzymatic reactions, metabolic functions, regulation of gene expression, apoptosis and immune modulation, thereby demonstrating its essential role in maintaining overall health and well-being. While zinc deficiency is associated with significant health risks, an excess of this trace element can also lead to harmful effects. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 6.7 to 15 mg per day are referred to be the dietary reference value. An excess of the recommended daily intake may result in symptoms such as anemia, neutropenia and zinc-induced copper deficiency. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) defines the tolerable upper intake level (UL) as 25 mg per day, whereas the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows 40 mg per day. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the calculation of UL and other health risks associated with zinc. For example, zinc intake is not limited to oral consumption; other routes, such as inhalation or topical application, may also pose risks of zinc intoxication.
摘要：
锌,一种重要的微量元素,在体内的许多生理过程中具有重要意义。它参与了300多种酶促反应，代谢功能，基因表达的调节，凋亡和免疫调节，从而证明其在维护整体健康和福祉方面的重要作用。虽然锌缺乏与重大健康风险相关，过量的这种微量元素也会导致有害影响。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）每天6.7至15毫克是指饮食参考值。建议的每日摄入量过多可能会导致贫血等症状，中性粒细胞减少症和锌诱导的铜缺乏。欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）将可耐受的上限摄入量（UL）定义为每天25毫克。而美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）允许每天40毫克。这篇综述将总结有关UL计算和与锌相关的其他健康风险的当前知识。例如,锌的摄入不限于口服；其他途径，如吸入或局部应用，也可能造成锌中毒的风险。
