PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In veterinary medicine and livestock production, ensuring good animal husbandry is vital for the physical and emotional wellbeing of animals under our care. Pain poses challenges for assessment and mitigation, especially in species unable to express pain overtly. This review examines current pain mitigation interventions in routine husbandry, focuses on the duration of pain after procedures and implications for animal welfare. Pain behaviours have been observed for days or weeks after regular husbandry procedures, and many studies have noted pain-related behaviour persisting until study finalisation, suggesting potential undocumented pain beyond study completion. Current products registered in Australia for pain mitigation in livestock primarily target immediate pain associated with procedures. The future of pain relief in livestock demands longer-acting solutions to address post-procedural pain adequately. Providing pain relief for at least 72 h post surgery is recommended, but current products require retreatment intervals to achieve this, posing practical challenges, especially in livestock. Methods of pain relief provision, such as voluntary consumption of medicated feed, transdermal medication delivery and long-acting formulations offer potential solutions for prolonged pain relief, with research ongoing in these areas. There is a need for further research and development of longer-acting pain relief to ensure optimal welfare of livestock.
摘要：
在兽药和畜牧业生产中，确保良好的畜牧业对我们照顾的动物的身心健康至关重要。疼痛给评估和缓解带来挑战，尤其是在无法公开表达疼痛的物种中。这篇综述探讨了目前在常规畜牧业中的疼痛缓解干预措施，重点关注手术后疼痛的持续时间和对动物福利的影响。在常规饲养程序后几天或几周内观察到疼痛行为，许多研究已经注意到疼痛相关行为持续到研究完成，提示研究完成后的潜在无证疼痛。目前在澳大利亚注册的用于缓解牲畜疼痛的产品主要针对与手术相关的即时疼痛。牲畜疼痛缓解的未来需要更长效的解决方案来充分解决手术后的疼痛。建议在术后至少72小时内缓解疼痛，但是目前的产品需要再治疗间隔来实现这一点，提出实际挑战，尤其是牲畜。提供疼痛缓解的方法，例如自愿食用含药饲料，透皮给药和长效制剂为长期缓解疼痛提供了潜在的解决方案，这些领域的研究正在进行中。需要进一步研究和开发长效疼痛缓解以确保牲畜的最佳福利。
