Abstract：
Nasal ions environment plays a crucial role in maintaining nasal physiology and supports olfactory transmission. Addressing the limited research on nasal ion levels and their association with olfactory function, paper-based sensors were developed for determination of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride in the nasal mucus of healthy volunteers and patients with olfactory dysfunction. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon quantum dots from beetroot were incorporated into paper substrate where sensors were designed with ion association complexes for sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride enhancing the recognition sensing capabilities. The sensors composition was optimized, including ion-exchange materials and plasticizers, to enhance sensitivity and selectivity. The performance of the sensors is evaluated based on Nernstian slope, dynamic range, detection limit and response time. Selectivity of the sensors was tested and the results demonstrated high selectivity for the target ions. The sensors were successfully determined sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride levels in nasal mucus of healthy volunteers and patients with olfactory dysfunction. The results revealed elevated calcium levels in patients with olfactory dysfunction, highlighting associated diagnostic implications. This suggests that the proposed sensors could serve as a diagnostic tool for olfactory evaluation, particularly in resource-constrained settings where access to advanced diagnostic tools is limited.
摘要：
鼻腔离子环境在维持鼻腔生理和支持嗅觉传播中起着至关重要的作用。解决了对鼻离子水平及其与嗅觉功能关联的有限研究，开发了用于测定钠的纸基传感器，钾，健康志愿者和嗅觉功能障碍患者鼻粘液中的钙和氯化物。将甜菜根的多壁碳纳米管和碳量子点掺入纸基材中，在纸基材中设计了具有钠离子缔合络合物的传感器，钾，钙和氯化物增强了识别感知能力。优化了传感器组成,包括离子交换材料和增塑剂，以增强灵敏度和选择性。根据Nernstian斜率评估传感器的性能，动态范围,检测限和响应时间。测试了传感器的选择性，结果证明了对目标离子的高选择性。传感器成功测定了钠，钾，健康志愿者和嗅觉功能障碍患者鼻粘液中的钙和氯化物水平。结果显示嗅觉功能障碍患者的钙水平升高，强调相关的诊断含义。这表明所提出的传感器可以作为嗅觉评估的诊断工具，特别是在资源受限的环境中，对高级诊断工具的访问受到限制。
