PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Understanding mortality disparities among justice system-involved populations is crucial for public health and policy, especially for marginalized racial groups such as American Indian/Alaska Native persons.
UNASSIGNED: To examine racial disparities in mortality within the broader justice system-involved population in South Dakota, focusing on different sentencing dispositions and the role of place.
UNASSIGNED: This observational study used administrative criminal records linked to mortality data from January 2000 to December 2016. The statewide data linked data from South Dakota Attorney General\'s Office and South Dakota Department of Health. Individuals aged 18 years and older with arrests were analyzed in this population-based sample. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2022, to July 30, 2023.
UNASSIGNED: Sentencing dispositions were categorized as arrest only, fine, probation, jail, and prison.
UNASSIGNED: The main outcomes were mortality rates (both all-cause and cause-specific) calculated using Poisson regression models, adjusted for demographic and county variables.
UNASSIGNED: Of 182 472 individuals with 422 987 arrests, the study sample included 29 690 American Indian/Alaska Native arrestees (17 900 [60%] male; mean [SD] age, 29.4 [11.0] years) and 142 248 White arrestees (103 471 [73%] male; mean [SD] age, 32.6 [12.9] years). American Indian/Alaska Native persons accounted for 16% of arrestees and 26% of arrests, but only 9% of the population in South Dakota. Across dispositions, mortality risk was greater for White individuals sentenced to probation, jail, and prison relative to White individuals who were arrested only. In terms of racial disparities, all-cause mortality risk was 2.37 (95% CI, 1.95-2.88) times higher for American Indian/Alaska Native than White arrestees in the arrest-only disposition. Disparities persisted across all dispositions but narrowed substantially for probation and prison. Results were similar for cause-specific mortality risk, except for cancer risk. In urban areas, mortality risk was 2.70 (95% CI, 1.29-2.44) times greater for American Indian/Alaska Native individuals relative to White individuals among those with arrest-only dispositions.
UNASSIGNED: In this population-based observational study, mortality risk and associated racial disparities among justice system-involved individuals differed substantially across dispositions and places, underscoring the need for public health interventions tailored to these factors. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which sentencing and place shape these disparities.
UNASSIGNED: To examine racial disparities in mortality within the broader justice system-involved population in South Dakota, focusing on different sentencing dispositions and the role of place.
UNASSIGNED: This observational study used administrative criminal records linked to mortality data from January 2000 to December 2016. The statewide data linked data from South Dakota Attorney General\'s Office and South Dakota Department of Health. Individuals aged 18 years and older with arrests were analyzed in this population-based sample. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2022, to July 30, 2023.
UNASSIGNED: Sentencing dispositions were categorized as arrest only, fine, probation, jail, and prison.
UNASSIGNED: The main outcomes were mortality rates (both all-cause and cause-specific) calculated using Poisson regression models, adjusted for demographic and county variables.
UNASSIGNED: Of 182 472 individuals with 422 987 arrests, the study sample included 29 690 American Indian/Alaska Native arrestees (17 900 [60%] male; mean [SD] age, 29.4 [11.0] years) and 142 248 White arrestees (103 471 [73%] male; mean [SD] age, 32.6 [12.9] years). American Indian/Alaska Native persons accounted for 16% of arrestees and 26% of arrests, but only 9% of the population in South Dakota. Across dispositions, mortality risk was greater for White individuals sentenced to probation, jail, and prison relative to White individuals who were arrested only. In terms of racial disparities, all-cause mortality risk was 2.37 (95% CI, 1.95-2.88) times higher for American Indian/Alaska Native than White arrestees in the arrest-only disposition. Disparities persisted across all dispositions but narrowed substantially for probation and prison. Results were similar for cause-specific mortality risk, except for cancer risk. In urban areas, mortality risk was 2.70 (95% CI, 1.29-2.44) times greater for American Indian/Alaska Native individuals relative to White individuals among those with arrest-only dispositions.
UNASSIGNED: In this population-based observational study, mortality risk and associated racial disparities among justice system-involved individuals differed substantially across dispositions and places, underscoring the need for public health interventions tailored to these factors. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which sentencing and place shape these disparities.
摘要：
■了解涉及司法系统的人群之间的死亡率差异对于公共卫生和政策至关重要，特别是对于边缘化种族群体，如美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民。
■为了研究南达科他州涉及更广泛的司法系统的人口中死亡率的种族差异，注重不同的量刑倾向和作用场所。
■这项观察性研究使用了2000年1月至2016年12月与死亡率数据相关的行政犯罪记录。全州范围内的数据与南达科他州总检察长办公室和南达科他州卫生部的数据相关联。在这个基于人群的样本中分析了18岁及以上的被捕者。数据从2022年8月1日至2023年7月30日进行了分析。
■仅将判刑处置归类为逮捕，好,缓刑,监狱,还有监狱.
■主要结果是使用泊松回归模型计算的死亡率（包括全因和特定原因），根据人口和县级变量进行了调整。
■在182472个人中，有422987人被捕，研究样本包括29690名美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民被捕者(男性17900[60%]；平均[SD]年龄，29.4[11.0]岁）和142248名白人被捕者（103471[73%]男性；平均[SD]年龄，32.6[12.9]年）。美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民占被捕者的16％，占被捕者的26％，但只有9％的人口在南达科他州。跨配置，白人被判缓刑的死亡风险更大，监狱,和监狱相对于只被捕的白人。在种族差异方面，在仅逮捕处置中,美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民的全因死亡风险是白人被捕者的2.37倍(95%CI,1.95-2.88).在所有处置中都存在差异，但在缓刑和监禁方面却大大缩小了差异。原因特异性死亡风险的结果相似，除了癌症风险。在城市地区,在仅有逮捕倾向的人群中,相对于白人个体,美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民的死亡风险高2.70倍(95%CI,1.29-2.44).
■在这项基于人群的观察研究中，涉及司法系统的个人之间的死亡风险和相关种族差异在性格和地点上有很大差异，强调需要针对这些因素进行公共卫生干预。需要进一步的研究来了解量刑和地点塑造这些差异的机制。
■为了研究南达科他州涉及更广泛的司法系统的人口中死亡率的种族差异，注重不同的量刑倾向和作用场所。
■这项观察性研究使用了2000年1月至2016年12月与死亡率数据相关的行政犯罪记录。全州范围内的数据与南达科他州总检察长办公室和南达科他州卫生部的数据相关联。在这个基于人群的样本中分析了18岁及以上的被捕者。数据从2022年8月1日至2023年7月30日进行了分析。
■仅将判刑处置归类为逮捕，好,缓刑,监狱,还有监狱.
■主要结果是使用泊松回归模型计算的死亡率（包括全因和特定原因），根据人口和县级变量进行了调整。
■在182472个人中，有422987人被捕，研究样本包括29690名美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民被捕者(男性17900[60%]；平均[SD]年龄，29.4[11.0]岁）和142248名白人被捕者（103471[73%]男性；平均[SD]年龄，32.6[12.9]年）。美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民占被捕者的16％，占被捕者的26％，但只有9％的人口在南达科他州。跨配置，白人被判缓刑的死亡风险更大，监狱,和监狱相对于只被捕的白人。在种族差异方面，在仅逮捕处置中,美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民的全因死亡风险是白人被捕者的2.37倍(95%CI,1.95-2.88).在所有处置中都存在差异，但在缓刑和监禁方面却大大缩小了差异。原因特异性死亡风险的结果相似，除了癌症风险。在城市地区,在仅有逮捕倾向的人群中,相对于白人个体,美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民的死亡风险高2.70倍(95%CI,1.29-2.44).
■在这项基于人群的观察研究中，涉及司法系统的个人之间的死亡风险和相关种族差异在性格和地点上有很大差异，强调需要针对这些因素进行公共卫生干预。需要进一步的研究来了解量刑和地点塑造这些差异的机制。
