Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to develop the Parenting Difficulties in Infectious Disease Pandemic Inventory (PDIDPI) for the assessment of parenting difficulties during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to examine its psychometric properties.
METHODS: The 31-item PDIDPI was developed on the basis of the results of focus group interviews. An exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring was conducted to examine the PDIDPI factor structure. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach α values. The test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The concurrent validity was established by examining the correlations of the PDIDPI with Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) scores.
RESULTS: We determined that the PDIDPI has seven factors: infection, school and learning, life change, care burden, daily living, health care, and emotion and behavior. The PDIDPI also had good internal consistency (α = 0.685-0.929) and acceptable test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.404-0.794). Regarding concurrent validity, the overall PDIDPI and its seven factors were all significantly associated with depression, determined by the CESD (r = 0.223-0.370), but not all factors were significantly associated with fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.082-0.203).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the psychometric properties of the PDIDPI, confirming its utility for evaluating the multifaceted challenges parents face in child management during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: The 31-item PDIDPI was developed on the basis of the results of focus group interviews. An exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring was conducted to examine the PDIDPI factor structure. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach α values. The test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The concurrent validity was established by examining the correlations of the PDIDPI with Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) scores.
RESULTS: We determined that the PDIDPI has seven factors: infection, school and learning, life change, care burden, daily living, health care, and emotion and behavior. The PDIDPI also had good internal consistency (α = 0.685-0.929) and acceptable test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.404-0.794). Regarding concurrent validity, the overall PDIDPI and its seven factors were all significantly associated with depression, determined by the CESD (r = 0.223-0.370), but not all factors were significantly associated with fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.082-0.203).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the psychometric properties of the PDIDPI, confirming its utility for evaluating the multifaceted challenges parents face in child management during the COVID-19 pandemic.
摘要：
背景：这项研究的目的是开发传染病大流行清单（PDIDPI）中的育儿困难，以评估2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间的育儿困难，并检查其心理测量特性。
方法：根据焦点小组访谈的结果制定了31项PDIDPI。进行了使用主轴因子分解的探索性因子分析以检查PDIDPI因子结构。使用Cronbachα值评估内部一致性。使用组内相关系数(ICC)评估重测信度。通过检查PDIDPI与对COVID-19的恐惧量表和流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CESD）评分的相关性来确定并发有效性。
结果：我们确定PDIDPI有七个因素：感染，学校和学习，生活的改变,护理负担，日常生活,卫生保健,情绪和行为。PDIDPI还具有良好的内部一致性（α=0.685-0.929）和可接受的重测可靠性（ICC=0.404-0.794）。关于并发有效性，总体PDIDPI及其7个因素均与抑郁显著相关,由CESD确定(r=0.223-0.370)，但并非所有因素都与对COVID-19的恐惧显着相关（r=0.082-0.203）。
结论：我们的发现支持PDIDPI的心理测量特性，确认其在评估COVID-19大流行期间父母在儿童管理方面面临的多方面挑战方面的效用。
方法：根据焦点小组访谈的结果制定了31项PDIDPI。进行了使用主轴因子分解的探索性因子分析以检查PDIDPI因子结构。使用Cronbachα值评估内部一致性。使用组内相关系数(ICC)评估重测信度。通过检查PDIDPI与对COVID-19的恐惧量表和流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CESD）评分的相关性来确定并发有效性。
结果：我们确定PDIDPI有七个因素：感染，学校和学习，生活的改变,护理负担，日常生活,卫生保健,情绪和行为。PDIDPI还具有良好的内部一致性（α=0.685-0.929）和可接受的重测可靠性（ICC=0.404-0.794）。关于并发有效性，总体PDIDPI及其7个因素均与抑郁显著相关,由CESD确定(r=0.223-0.370)，但并非所有因素都与对COVID-19的恐惧显着相关（r=0.082-0.203）。
结论：我们的发现支持PDIDPI的心理测量特性，确认其在评估COVID-19大流行期间父母在儿童管理方面面临的多方面挑战方面的效用。
