PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Success in life is linked to executive functions, a collection of cognitive processes that support goal-directed behaviors. Executive functions is an umbrella term related to cognitive control, self-control, and more. Variations in executive functioning predict concurrent success in schooling, relationships, and behavior, as well as important life outcomes years later. Such findings may suggest that certain individuals are destined for good executive functioning and success. However, environmental influences on executive function and development have long been recognized. Recent research in this tradition demonstrates the power of social contextual influences on children\'s engagement of executive functions. Such findings suggest new interpretations of why individuals differ in executive functioning and associated life outcomes, including across cultures and socioeconomic statuses. These findings raise fundamental questions about how best to conceptualize, measure, and support executive functioning across diverse contexts. Future research addressing real-world dynamics and computational mechanisms will elucidate how executive functioning emerges in the world.
摘要：
生活中的成功与执行功能有关，支持目标导向行为的认知过程的集合。执行功能是与认知控制相关的总称，自我控制,还有更多.执行功能的变化预测了学校教育的并发成功，关系,和行为，以及几年后重要的生活结果。这些发现可能表明，某些人注定要拥有良好的执行功能和成功。然而,环境对执行功能和发展的影响早已得到认可。这一传统的最新研究表明，社会背景影响儿童参与执行功能的力量。这些发现提出了新的解释，为什么个人在执行功能和相关的生活结果方面存在差异，包括跨文化和社会经济地位。这些发现提出了关于如何最好地概念化的基本问题，measure,并支持不同背景下的执行功能。解决现实世界动态和计算机制的未来研究将阐明执行功能如何在世界上出现。
