PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The decision-making of soccer referees is one of the typical forms influenced by factors such as environmental pressure and individual emotions. While previous studies have explored how common factors like personal anxiety and on-field pressure affect the decisions of soccer referees, the mechanisms by which anxiety influences decision-making under pressure remain unclear. This study developed a penalty task based on real soccer match scenarios and recruited 76 experienced soccer referees. These referees were divided into two groups, high anxiety and low anxiety, based on their anxiety levels, to perform decision-making tasks under different pressure environments simulated to mimic real matches. Additionally, this research employed Event-Related Potential (ERP) technology to compare the brain signals of soccer referees with different levels of anxiety when facing foul play under various pressure environments. It was found that referees with high levels of anxiety displayed larger P300 and N400 amplitudes in a low-pressure environment (p = 0.0059, t = 2.9437). However, no significant differences in P300 and N400 amplitudes were observed between referees with high and low levels of anxiety under high-pressure conditions (p = 0.1890, t = 1.3411). This study not only reveals the complex mechanisms of anxiety in the decision-making process of referees but also emphasizes the importance of understanding and managing the psychological state of referees in competitive sports to improve the quality of their decisions. Our findings provide an empirical basis for future efforts to mitigate the impact of anxiety and optimize the decision-making process in similar high-pressure environments.
摘要：
足球裁判员的决策是受环境压力和个体情绪等因素影响的典型形式之一。虽然以前的研究已经探讨了个人焦虑和场上压力等常见因素如何影响足球裁判的决定，焦虑影响压力下决策的机制尚不清楚.这项研究根据真实的足球比赛场景制定了点球任务，并招募了76名经验丰富的足球裁判。这些裁判被分成两组,高焦虑和低焦虑，根据他们的焦虑程度，在模拟真实匹配的不同压力环境下执行决策任务。此外,这项研究采用事件相关电位（ERP）技术来比较足球裁判在各种压力环境下面对犯规时焦虑程度不同的大脑信号。发现焦虑程度较高的裁判员在低压环境中表现出较大的P300和N400振幅（p=0.0059，t=2.9437）。然而,在高压条件下,焦虑程度高和焦虑程度低的裁判员之间,P300和N400振幅没有显著差异(p=0.1890,t=1.3411).本研究不仅揭示了裁判员决策过程中焦虑的复杂机制，而且强调了认识和管理裁判员在竞技体育中的心理状态对提高裁判员决策质量的重要性。我们的发现为未来在类似高压环境中减轻焦虑影响和优化决策过程提供了经验基础。
