Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) and early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) during the first- episode psychosis and the stable period, to examine psychopharmacological treatment approaches, and to investigate potential predictive factors for prognosis.
METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and psychopharmacological therapy data for 31 patients diagnosed with COS and 66 with EOS were retrieved from the file records in this multicenter study. Symptom distribution and disease severity and course were evaluated twice, in the acute psychotic stage and in the latest stable phase, during follow-up using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and clinical global impression (CGI) scales.
RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed between the groups\' CGI improvement rates and median last stable stage PANSS positive, negative, and general psychopathology symptom scores (p = .005, p = .031, p = .005, and p = .012, respectively). Premorbid neurodevelopmental disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder and comorbidities were more common in the COS group (p = .025 and p = .030, respectively), and treatment required greater multiple antipsychotic use in that group (p = .013). When the independent variables affecting the difference between pre- and post-treatment PANSS scores were examined using linear regression analysis, the model established was found to be statistically significant (F = 5.393; p = .001), and the group variable (p = .024), initial disease severity (p = .001), and socioeconomic level (p = .022; p = .007) emerged as predictive factors for the disease course.
CONCLUSIONS: Although early diagnosis and treatment is an important factor in improving prognosis in schizophrenia, more specific predictors for schizophrenia need to be identified. Additionally, preventive programs and pharmacological methods need to be developed in children with neurodevelopmental problems, particularly those from low socioeconomic status families.
METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and psychopharmacological therapy data for 31 patients diagnosed with COS and 66 with EOS were retrieved from the file records in this multicenter study. Symptom distribution and disease severity and course were evaluated twice, in the acute psychotic stage and in the latest stable phase, during follow-up using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and clinical global impression (CGI) scales.
RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed between the groups\' CGI improvement rates and median last stable stage PANSS positive, negative, and general psychopathology symptom scores (p = .005, p = .031, p = .005, and p = .012, respectively). Premorbid neurodevelopmental disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder and comorbidities were more common in the COS group (p = .025 and p = .030, respectively), and treatment required greater multiple antipsychotic use in that group (p = .013). When the independent variables affecting the difference between pre- and post-treatment PANSS scores were examined using linear regression analysis, the model established was found to be statistically significant (F = 5.393; p = .001), and the group variable (p = .024), initial disease severity (p = .001), and socioeconomic level (p = .022; p = .007) emerged as predictive factors for the disease course.
CONCLUSIONS: Although early diagnosis and treatment is an important factor in improving prognosis in schizophrenia, more specific predictors for schizophrenia need to be identified. Additionally, preventive programs and pharmacological methods need to be developed in children with neurodevelopmental problems, particularly those from low socioeconomic status families.
摘要：
目的：这项研究的目的是比较儿童精神分裂症（COS）和早发性精神分裂症（EOS）在首发精神病和稳定期的临床特征，为了检查精神药理学治疗方法，并探讨预后的潜在预测因素。
方法：人口统计学，临床,在这项多中心研究中,我们从档案记录中检索了31例COS和66例EOS患者的精神药物治疗数据.两次评估症状分布、疾病严重程度和病程，在急性精神病阶段和最近的稳定阶段，随访期间使用阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)和临床整体印象量表(CGI)。
结果：在CGI改善率和中位末级稳定阶段PANSS阳性组间观察到有统计学意义的差异，负,和一般精神病理学症状评分（分别为p=.005，p=.031，p=.005和p=.012）。病前神经发育障碍和强迫症和合并症在COS组中更为常见（分别为p=0.025和p=0.030），在该组中，治疗需要更多的抗精神病药物使用（p=.013）。当使用线性回归分析检查影响治疗前和治疗后PANSS评分之间差异的独立变量时，发现所建立的模型具有统计学意义(F=5.393；p=.001)，和组变量(p=.024)，初始疾病严重程度（p=.001），和社会经济水平(p=0.022;p=.007)成为病程的预测因素。
结论：尽管早期诊断和治疗是改善精神分裂症预后的重要因素，需要确定更具体的精神分裂症预测因子.此外,有神经发育问题的儿童需要制定预防方案和药理学方法，特别是那些来自低社会经济地位家庭的人。
方法：人口统计学，临床,在这项多中心研究中,我们从档案记录中检索了31例COS和66例EOS患者的精神药物治疗数据.两次评估症状分布、疾病严重程度和病程，在急性精神病阶段和最近的稳定阶段，随访期间使用阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)和临床整体印象量表(CGI)。
结果：在CGI改善率和中位末级稳定阶段PANSS阳性组间观察到有统计学意义的差异，负,和一般精神病理学症状评分（分别为p=.005，p=.031，p=.005和p=.012）。病前神经发育障碍和强迫症和合并症在COS组中更为常见（分别为p=0.025和p=0.030），在该组中，治疗需要更多的抗精神病药物使用（p=.013）。当使用线性回归分析检查影响治疗前和治疗后PANSS评分之间差异的独立变量时，发现所建立的模型具有统计学意义(F=5.393；p=.001)，和组变量(p=.024)，初始疾病严重程度（p=.001），和社会经济水平(p=0.022;p=.007)成为病程的预测因素。
结论：尽管早期诊断和治疗是改善精神分裂症预后的重要因素，需要确定更具体的精神分裂症预测因子.此外,有神经发育问题的儿童需要制定预防方案和药理学方法，特别是那些来自低社会经济地位家庭的人。
