Abstract：
Early-life positive and adverse parental factors, such as positive parent personality and parental stress, affect the environmental context in which children develop and may influence individual differences in children\'s sleep health. This study examined the moderating role of early-life parental factors in the heritability (i.e., the extent to which individual differences are due to genetic influences) of objectively assessed childhood sleep duration. A total of 351 families from the Arizona Twin Project were studied. Primary caregivers (95% mothers) reported on multiple dimensions of stress and facets of their own personality when the twins were 12 months old. Seven years later (Mage = 8.43 years, SD = 0.68), families completed a home visit, and twins (51% female; 57% White, 29% Hispanic; 30% monozygotic, 39% same-sex dizygotic, 31% other-sex dizygotic) wore actigraph watches to assess their sleep, with caregivers completing similar assessments on their personality attributes and stress. Early-life positive parent personality moderated the heritability of sleep duration (Δ-2LL [-2 log likelihood] = 2.54, Δdf = 2, p = .28), such that as positive parent personality increased, the heritability of duration decreased. Early-life parental stress also moderated the genetic contribution to sleep duration (Δ-2LL = 2.02, Δdf = 2, p = .36), such that as stress increased, the heritability of duration increased. Concurrent positive parent personality and parental stress composites showed similar patterns of findings. Results highlight the likely contribution of parent positive traits and adverse experiences to the etiology of children\'s sleep health, with genetic influences on children\'s sleep more prominent in \"riskier\" environments. Understanding how genetics and environments work together to influence the etiology of sleep may inform prevention programs.
摘要：
早期积极和不利的父母因素，如积极的父母人格和父母的压力，影响儿童发育的环境背景，并可能影响儿童睡眠健康的个体差异。这项研究考察了早年父母因素在遗传力中的调节作用(即，由于遗传影响而导致个体差异的程度）客观评估的儿童睡眠持续时间。研究了来自亚利桑那州双胞胎项目的351个家庭。当双胞胎12个月大时，主要照顾者（95％的母亲）报告了压力的多个方面和自己的性格。七年后（法师=8.43岁，SD=0.68)，家人完成家访,和双胞胎(51%为女性；57%为白人，29%西班牙裔；30%单卵型，39%同性异卵，31％的其他性别合子）佩戴肌动仪手表来评估他们的睡眠，护理人员完成类似的人格属性和压力评估。早期积极的父母人格调节了睡眠持续时间的遗传性（Δ-2LL[-2对数似然]=2.54，Δdf=2，p=.28），这样，随着积极的父母人格的增加，持续时间的遗传力下降。早期父母的压力也缓和了遗传对睡眠持续时间的贡献（Δ-2LL=2.02，Δdf=2，p=.36），随着压力的增加，持续时间的遗传力增加。同时积极的父母人格和父母压力复合物显示出相似的发现模式。结果突出了父母积极特征和不良经历对儿童睡眠健康病因的可能贡献，遗传对儿童睡眠的影响在“更危险”的环境中更为突出。了解遗传学和环境如何共同影响睡眠的病因可能会为预防计划提供信息。
