METHODS: A health facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A sample of 418 pregnant women was selected using random sampling technique from 1st May to 1st June 2021. IPV was measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) Multi-country study of violence against women assessment tool. Data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 and exported into Stata 17 for further analysis. A Bayesian multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out from the posterior distribution, and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% credible interval (CrI) was used to declare statistically significant variables.
RESULTS: The prevalence of any IPV among pregnant women was 31.3% [95% CrI 26.6%, 36.1%]. After adjusting a range of covariates, IPV during pregnancy was more likely among women whose husbands used substances [AOR = 4.33: 95% CrI 1.68, 8.95] and household decisions made by husbands only [AOR = 6.45: 95% CI 3.01, 12.64]. Conversely, pregnant women who attended primary [AOR = 0.47: 95% CrI 0.24, 0.81] and secondary [AOR = 0.64: 95% CrI 0.41, 0.92] educational levels, women who had four or more ANC visits antenatal care visits [AOR = 0.43: 95% CrI 0.25, 0.68], and women with no prior history of adverse birth outcomes [AOR = 0.48: 95% CI 0.27, 0.80] were less likely to experience IPV during pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed a relatively high prevalence of any IPV among pregnant women, with factors such as substance use by husbands and limited decision-making autonomy associated with increased IPV likelihood. Conversely, women with higher education levels, four and above antenatal care attendance, and no history of adverse birth outcomes showed a reduced likelihood of experiencing IPV during pregnancy. Therefore, targeted interventions to address substance use, empower women in decision-making, and promote education and healthcare access to mitigate IPV risk during pregnancy are recommended.
方法:采用基于医疗机构的横断面研究设计。从2021年5月1日至6月1日,使用随机抽样技术选择了418名孕妇。IPV是使用世界卫生组织(WHO)针对暴力侵害妇女行为的多国研究评估工具进行测量的。将数据输入到Epi-data3.1中,并输出到Stata17中进行进一步分析。从后验分布进行贝叶斯多变量逻辑回归分析,采用95%可信区间(CrI)的校正比值比(AOR)来声明具有统计学意义的变量.
结果:孕妇中任何IPV的患病率为31.3%[95%CrI26.6%,36.1%]。在调整协变量的范围之后,怀孕期间IPV更可能发生在丈夫使用物质的妇女[AOR=4.33:95%CrI1.68,8.95]和仅由丈夫做出家庭决定的妇女[AOR=6.45:95%CI3.01,12.64]。相反,参加过小学[AOR=0.47:95%CrI0.24,0.81]和中学[AOR=0.64:95%CrI0.41,0.92]教育水平的孕妇,有四次或更多的ANC访问的妇女进行产前护理访问[AOR=0.43:95%CrI0.25,0.68],和既往无不良分娩结局史[AOR=0.48:95%CI0.27,0.80]的女性在妊娠期经历IPV的可能性较小.
结论:该研究显示,孕妇中任何IPV的患病率相对较高,与增加IPV可能性相关的因素,如丈夫使用药物和有限的决策自主权。相反,受过高等教育的妇女,四个及以上的产前护理服务,无不良分娩结局史显示妊娠期发生IPV的可能性降低.因此,有针对性的干预措施,以解决药物使用问题,赋予妇女决策权,并促进教育和医疗保健,以减轻怀孕期间的IPV风险。