Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Indian ethnic and educational diversities necessitate obtaining normative cognitive data in different populations. We aimed to evaluate cognitive scores using a Marathi translation of the Kolkata cognitive battery (KCB) and to study the association of KCB components with depression and sociodemographic variables.
METHODS: We studied 2,651 individuals aged ≥40 years without preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions from urban (Mumbai) and rural districts of Maharashtra. For each component of KCB, the lowest 10th percentile score was used to define cognitive impairment.
RESULTS: We studied 1,435 (54%) rural and 1,216 (46%) urban residents equally divided by gender (1,316 women and 1,335 men), average age 54 years. KCB scores were significantly lower with female sex, older age, illiteracy, and depression. The largest effect sizes attributable to these factors were in the domains of calculation (gender), visuoconstructional ability (VCA) (rurality), and verbal fluency (VF) (depression). Scores remained significantly lower in rural residents after controlling for age, sex, and education, particularly for VCA, immediate recall, and calculation.
CONCLUSIONS: This Marathi KCB, having been validated on large urban as well as rural samples, may be used to study cognition in Marathi-speaking populations with appropriate cutoffs tailored to the degree of urbanization of the population.
METHODS: We studied 2,651 individuals aged ≥40 years without preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions from urban (Mumbai) and rural districts of Maharashtra. For each component of KCB, the lowest 10th percentile score was used to define cognitive impairment.
RESULTS: We studied 1,435 (54%) rural and 1,216 (46%) urban residents equally divided by gender (1,316 women and 1,335 men), average age 54 years. KCB scores were significantly lower with female sex, older age, illiteracy, and depression. The largest effect sizes attributable to these factors were in the domains of calculation (gender), visuoconstructional ability (VCA) (rurality), and verbal fluency (VF) (depression). Scores remained significantly lower in rural residents after controlling for age, sex, and education, particularly for VCA, immediate recall, and calculation.
CONCLUSIONS: This Marathi KCB, having been validated on large urban as well as rural samples, may be used to study cognition in Marathi-speaking populations with appropriate cutoffs tailored to the degree of urbanization of the population.
摘要：
目标：印度种族和教育多样性需要获得不同人群的规范认知数据。我们旨在使用加尔各答认知电池（KCB）的马拉地翻译评估认知得分，并研究KCB成分与抑郁症和社会人口统计学变量的关联。
方法：我们研究了来自马哈拉施特拉邦城市（孟买）和农村地区的2651名年龄≥40岁且没有先前存在神经精神疾病的个体。对于KCB的每个组件，最低的第10百分位评分用于定义认知障碍.
结果：我们研究了1,435（54％）农村居民和1,216（46％）城市居民按性别平均划分（1,316名女性和1,335名男性），平均年龄54岁。KCB得分明显低于女性,年龄较大,文盲,和抑郁症。归因于这些因素的最大影响大小是在计算领域(性别)，视觉构造能力(VCA)(乡村性)，和语言流畅性（VF）（抑郁症）。农村居民在控制年龄后得分仍然明显较低，性别,和教育，特别是对于VCA，立即召回,和计算。
结论：这个马拉地KCB，在大型城市和农村样本上进行了验证，可用于研究马拉地语人群的认知，并根据人口的城市化程度定制适当的截止值。
方法：我们研究了来自马哈拉施特拉邦城市（孟买）和农村地区的2651名年龄≥40岁且没有先前存在神经精神疾病的个体。对于KCB的每个组件，最低的第10百分位评分用于定义认知障碍.
结果：我们研究了1,435（54％）农村居民和1,216（46％）城市居民按性别平均划分（1,316名女性和1,335名男性），平均年龄54岁。KCB得分明显低于女性,年龄较大,文盲,和抑郁症。归因于这些因素的最大影响大小是在计算领域(性别)，视觉构造能力(VCA)(乡村性)，和语言流畅性（VF）（抑郁症）。农村居民在控制年龄后得分仍然明显较低，性别,和教育，特别是对于VCA，立即召回,和计算。
结论：这个马拉地KCB，在大型城市和农村样本上进行了验证，可用于研究马拉地语人群的认知，并根据人口的城市化程度定制适当的截止值。
