Abstract：
CONCLUSIONS: Future work should develop and evaluate interventional strategies to help overcome visual and health-related barriers to travel in visually impaired seniors and mitigate adverse impacts of loneliness for those who do not leave town.
OBJECTIVE: Life space refers to the area in which a person travels within a given time period. We explored whether demographics, vision, and/or health characteristics were related to restrictions in self-reported life space for visually impaired seniors.
METHODS: Visually impaired (n = 114) clinical trial participants aged ≥55 years learned visual assistive iPhone apps and completed the following baseline questionnaires: Life Space, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and New-General Self-efficacy Scale. Multiple logistic regressions evaluated associations between life space and patient factors after accounting for their distance to the next county or state.
RESULTS: During 2021 to 2023, 17%, 43%, and 70% of participants had not left their town, county, or state, respectively, in the past 3 months, or planned to in the next 3 months. Those with reduced distance best-corrected visual acuity had greater odds of not leaving the county in these time frames (odds ratio [OR] = 3.5; p=0.04). Minority race was associated with greater odds of not leaving town or the county in the past 2 weeks or future 3 months (OR = 4.3 to 6.4; p=0.009 to 0.049). Increased self-efficacy was associated with reduced odds of not leaving the state in the past 3 months, next 3 months, or past and/or future 3 months (OR = 0.54 to 0.55; p=0.02 to 0.03). Better physical function was associated with reduced odds of not leaving the state in the past 2 weeks or 3 months (OR = 0.96 to 0.98; p=0.01 to 0.04). Increased loneliness was related to greater odds of not leaving town in the past and/or future 3 months (OR = 1.8 to 2.0; p=0.007 to 0.009).
CONCLUSIONS: Minority race, reduced vision, self-efficacy, and physical health were related to life space restrictions in this cohort of visually impaired seniors, whereas loneliness was greater among those who were not leaving town.
OBJECTIVE: Life space refers to the area in which a person travels within a given time period. We explored whether demographics, vision, and/or health characteristics were related to restrictions in self-reported life space for visually impaired seniors.
METHODS: Visually impaired (n = 114) clinical trial participants aged ≥55 years learned visual assistive iPhone apps and completed the following baseline questionnaires: Life Space, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and New-General Self-efficacy Scale. Multiple logistic regressions evaluated associations between life space and patient factors after accounting for their distance to the next county or state.
RESULTS: During 2021 to 2023, 17%, 43%, and 70% of participants had not left their town, county, or state, respectively, in the past 3 months, or planned to in the next 3 months. Those with reduced distance best-corrected visual acuity had greater odds of not leaving the county in these time frames (odds ratio [OR] = 3.5; p=0.04). Minority race was associated with greater odds of not leaving town or the county in the past 2 weeks or future 3 months (OR = 4.3 to 6.4; p=0.009 to 0.049). Increased self-efficacy was associated with reduced odds of not leaving the state in the past 3 months, next 3 months, or past and/or future 3 months (OR = 0.54 to 0.55; p=0.02 to 0.03). Better physical function was associated with reduced odds of not leaving the state in the past 2 weeks or 3 months (OR = 0.96 to 0.98; p=0.01 to 0.04). Increased loneliness was related to greater odds of not leaving town in the past and/or future 3 months (OR = 1.8 to 2.0; p=0.007 to 0.009).
CONCLUSIONS: Minority race, reduced vision, self-efficacy, and physical health were related to life space restrictions in this cohort of visually impaired seniors, whereas loneliness was greater among those who were not leaving town.
摘要：
结论：未来的工作应制定和评估干预策略，以帮助克服视力受损老年人的视觉和健康相关旅行障碍，并减轻孤独对那些不离开城镇的人的不利影响。
目的：生活空间是指一个人在给定时间段内旅行的区域。我们探索了人口统计学，愿景,和/或健康特征与视障老年人自我报告生活空间的限制有关。
方法：55岁以上的视力受损（n=114）临床试验参与者学习了视觉辅助iPhone应用程序，并完成了以下基线问卷：生活空间，36项短期健康调查，加州大学,洛杉矶孤独量表,和新的一般自我效能感量表。在考虑了与下一个县或州的距离后，多重逻辑回归评估了生活空间与患者因素之间的关联。
结果：在2021年至2023年期间，17%，43%,70%的参与者没有离开他们的城镇，县,或状态，分别,在过去的三个月里，或计划在未来3个月内。在这些时间范围内，距离最佳矫正视力降低的人不离开该县的可能性更大（优势比[OR]=3.5；p=0.04）。在过去的2周或未来的3个月中，少数民族种族与不离开城镇或县的可能性更大（OR=4.3至6.4；p=0.009至0.049）。自我效能感的提高与过去3个月不离开该州的几率降低有关，接下来的3个月,或过去和/或未来3个月（OR=0.54至0.55；p=0.02至0.03）。更好的身体机能与过去2周或3个月不离开状态的几率降低相关（OR=0.96至0.98；p=0.01至0.04）。孤独感的增加与过去和/或未来3个月不离开城镇的可能性更大（OR=1.8至2.0；p=0.007至0.009）。
结论：少数民族种族，视力降低,自我效能感,在这群视力受损的老年人中，身体健康与生活空间限制有关，而那些没有离开城镇的人更孤独。
目的：生活空间是指一个人在给定时间段内旅行的区域。我们探索了人口统计学，愿景,和/或健康特征与视障老年人自我报告生活空间的限制有关。
方法：55岁以上的视力受损（n=114）临床试验参与者学习了视觉辅助iPhone应用程序，并完成了以下基线问卷：生活空间，36项短期健康调查，加州大学,洛杉矶孤独量表,和新的一般自我效能感量表。在考虑了与下一个县或州的距离后，多重逻辑回归评估了生活空间与患者因素之间的关联。
结果：在2021年至2023年期间，17%，43%,70%的参与者没有离开他们的城镇，县,或状态，分别,在过去的三个月里，或计划在未来3个月内。在这些时间范围内，距离最佳矫正视力降低的人不离开该县的可能性更大（优势比[OR]=3.5；p=0.04）。在过去的2周或未来的3个月中，少数民族种族与不离开城镇或县的可能性更大（OR=4.3至6.4；p=0.009至0.049）。自我效能感的提高与过去3个月不离开该州的几率降低有关，接下来的3个月,或过去和/或未来3个月（OR=0.54至0.55；p=0.02至0.03）。更好的身体机能与过去2周或3个月不离开状态的几率降低相关（OR=0.96至0.98；p=0.01至0.04）。孤独感的增加与过去和/或未来3个月不离开城镇的可能性更大（OR=1.8至2.0；p=0.007至0.009）。
结论：少数民族种族，视力降低,自我效能感,在这群视力受损的老年人中，身体健康与生活空间限制有关，而那些没有离开城镇的人更孤独。
