Abstract：
537 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus, a problem of glucose management that is related to a number of major health risks, including cardiovascular diseases. There is a need for new, efficient formulations of diabetic medications to address this condition and its related consequences because existing treatments have a number of drawbacks and limits. This encouraged the development of treatment plans to get around some of these restrictions, like low therapeutic drug bioavailability or patients\' disobedience to existing therapies. Approaches based on nanotechnology have a lot of promise to enhance the treatment of diabetic patients. In order to manage blood glucose, this review article highlights recent developments and explores the potential applications of different materials (polymeric, ceramic, dendrimers, etc.) as nanocarriers for the delivery of insulin and other antidiabetic medications. Using an injectable and acid-degradable polymeric network produced by the electrostatic interaction of oppositely charged dextran nanoparticles loaded with insulin and glucose-specific enzymes, we reviewed a glucose-mediated release approach for the self-regulated delivery of insulin, in which, after a degradable nano-network was subcutaneously injected into type 1 diabetic mice,in vivoexperiments confirmed that these formulations improved glucose management. In addition, a discussion of silica-based nanocarriers, their potential for treating diabetes and controlling blood glucose levels, and an explanation of the role of dendrimers in diabetes treatment have been covered. This is done by utilizing the properties of silica nanoparticles, such as their tuneable particle and pore size, surface chemistry, and biocompatibility. The article summarized the significance of nanomaterials and their uses in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes overall, illuminating the field\'s potential and outlining its prospects for the future.
摘要：
全球有5.37亿人患有糖尿病，与许多主要健康风险有关的葡萄糖管理问题，包括心血管疾病.有一个新的需要，糖尿病药物的有效配方，以解决这种情况及其相关的后果，因为现有的治疗有许多缺点和限制。这鼓励了治疗计划的制定，以绕过其中的一些限制，比如治疗药物的生物利用度低或患者对现有疗法的不服从。基于纳米技术的方法有很多希望加强糖尿病患者的治疗。为了控制血糖，这篇综述文章强调了最近的发展，并探讨了不同材料(聚合物，陶瓷,树枝状聚合物,等。)作为纳米载体，用于输送胰岛素和其他抗糖尿病药物。使用由负载有胰岛素和葡萄糖特异性酶的带相反电荷的葡聚糖纳米颗粒的静电相互作用产生的可注射和酸降解的聚合物网络，我们回顾了一种用于自我调节的胰岛素释放的葡萄糖介导的释放方法，其中，在将可降解的纳米网络皮下注射到1型糖尿病小鼠体内后，在体内实验中证实,这些制剂改善了葡萄糖管理。此外,关于二氧化硅基纳米载体的讨论，他们治疗糖尿病和控制血糖水平的潜力，并解释了树枝状聚合物在糖尿病治疗中的作用。这是通过利用二氧化硅纳米粒子的性质来完成的，例如它们的可调颗粒和孔径，表面化学,和生物相容性。本文综述了纳米材料的意义及其在糖尿病诊断和治疗中的应用,阐明该领域的潜力，并概述其未来的前景。
