Abstract：
Potassium iodide has demonstrated several therapeutic applications over time, being the choice for shielding the thyroid during radiation emergencies involving radioiodine release. Amidst the ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia and the growing concern regarding the potential deployment of nuclear weapons, there has been a surge in the demand for potassium iodide across Europe. This work aimed to comprehensively review the current knowledge regarding the pharmacology, physiology, adverse effects, the protective role in reducing the risk of thyroid cancer and recommendations for potassium iodide use during radiation emergencies. Evidence on adverse effects is scarce, as potassium iodide is generally well-tolerated. Guidelines for thyroid blocking with potassium iodide during radiation emergencies suggest that, among populations vulnerable to radioiodine exposure, the benefits of potassium iodide outweigh the risks of adverse effects. Controversial topics surrounding the utilization of potassium iodide in radiation emergencies include the prophylaxis in iodine-deficient regions and following the detonation of dirty bombs, whether granule formulations versus tablets should be used and mental health concerns. Although the rise in demand seems to be a justified security measure, it is essential to recognize that potassium iodide protects the thyroid from radioiodine and does not impact the body\'s absorption of other radioactive materials or defend against external radiation exposure.
摘要：
随着时间的推移，碘化钾已经展示了几种治疗应用，是在涉及放射性碘释放的辐射紧急情况下屏蔽甲状腺的选择。在乌克兰和俄罗斯之间持续不断的军事冲突以及对可能部署核武器的日益担忧的情况下，整个欧洲对碘化钾的需求激增。这项工作旨在全面回顾当前有关药理学的知识，生理学,不利影响，降低甲状腺癌风险的保护作用以及在辐射紧急情况下使用碘化钾的建议。不良反应的证据很少，碘化钾一般耐受性良好。在辐射紧急情况下使用碘化钾阻断甲状腺的指南表明，在容易暴露于放射性碘的人群中，碘化钾的益处大于不良反应的风险.围绕在辐射紧急情况中使用碘化钾的有争议的话题包括在缺碘地区进行预防以及在炸弹爆炸之后，是否应该使用颗粒配方和片剂，以及心理健康问题。尽管需求上升似乎是合理的安全措施，必须认识到碘化钾可以保护甲状腺免受放射性碘的影响，并且不会影响人体对其他放射性物质的吸收或抵御外部辐射。
