Abstract：
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is commonly used in food waste treatment. Prokaryotic microbial communities in AD of food waste have been comprehensively studied. The role of viruses, known to affect microbial dynamics and metabolism, remains largely unexplored. This study employed metagenomic analysis and recovered 967 high-quality viral bins within food waste and digestate derived from 8 full-scale biogas plants. The diversity of viral communities was higher in digestate. In silico predictions linked 20.8% of viruses to microbial host populations, highlighting possible virus predators of key functional microbes. Lineage-specific virus-host ratio varied, indicating that viral infection dynamics might differentially affect microbial responses to the varying process parameters. Evidence for virus-mediated gene transfer was identified, emphasizing the potential role of viruses in controlling the microbiome. AD altered the specific process parameters, potentially promoting a shift in viral lifestyle from lysogenic to lytic. Viruses encoding auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were involved in microbial carbon and nutrient cycling, and most AMGs were transcriptionally expressed in digestate, meaning that viruses with active functional states were likely actively involved in AD. These findings provided a comprehensive profile of viral and bacterial communities and expanded knowledge of the interactions between viruses and hosts in food waste and digestate.
摘要：
厌氧消化(AD)通常用于食物废物处理。对餐厨垃圾AD中的原核微生物群落进行了全面研究。病毒的作用,已知会影响微生物动力学和新陈代谢，在很大程度上仍未探索。这项研究采用了宏基因组分析，并从8个大型沼气厂的食物垃圾和消化物中回收了967个高质量的病毒箱。消化物中病毒群落的多样性更高。在电脑预测中，20.8%的病毒与微生物宿主种群相关，突出关键功能微生物的可能的病毒捕食者。谱系特异性病毒-宿主比率各不相同，表明病毒感染动力学可能会差异地影响微生物对不同工艺参数的反应。确定了病毒介导的基因转移的证据，强调病毒在控制微生物组中的潜在作用。AD改变了特定的工艺参数，可能促进病毒生活方式从溶源性向溶解性的转变。编码辅助代谢基因(AMGs)的病毒参与微生物碳和养分循环,大多数AMG在消化物中转录表达，这意味着具有活跃功能状态的病毒可能积极参与AD。这些发现提供了病毒和细菌群落的全面概况，并扩大了对食物垃圾和消化物中病毒与宿主之间相互作用的认识。
