PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into medical and dental applications can be challenging due to clinicians\' distrust of computer predictions and the potential risks associated with erroneous outputs. We introduce the idea of using AI to trigger second opinions in cases where there is a disagreement between the clinician and the algorithm. By keeping the AI prediction hidden throughout the diagnostic process, we minimize the risks associated with distrust and erroneous predictions, relying solely on human predictions. The experiment involved 3 experienced dentists, 25 dental students, and 290 patients treated for advanced caries across 6 centers. We developed an AI model to predict pulp status following advanced caries treatment. Clinicians were asked to perform the same prediction without the assistance of the AI model. The second opinion framework was tested in a 1000-trial simulation. The average F1-score of the clinicians increased significantly from 0.586 to 0.645.
摘要：
由于临床医生不信任计算机预测以及与错误输出相关的潜在风险，将人工智能(AI)集成到医疗和牙科应用中可能具有挑战性。我们介绍了在临床医生和算法之间存在分歧的情况下使用AI触发第二意见的想法。通过在整个诊断过程中隐藏AI预测，我们尽量减少与不信任和错误预测相关的风险，完全依靠人类的预测。实验涉及3位经验丰富的牙医,25名牙科学生，和6个中心的290名晚期龋齿患者接受治疗。我们开发了一个AI模型来预测晚期龋齿治疗后的牙髓状态。临床医生被要求在没有AI模型帮助的情况下执行相同的预测。第二个意见框架在1000次试验模拟中进行了测试。临床医生的平均F1评分从0.586显着增加到0.645。
