Abstract：
Metabolic diseases are abnormal conditions that impair the normal metabolic process, which involves converting food into energy at a cellular level, and cause difficulties like obesity and diabetes. The study aimed to investigate how ferulic acid (FA) and its derivatives could prevent different metabolic diseases and disorders and to understand the specific molecular mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic effects. Information regarding FA associations with metabolic diseases and disorders was compiled from different scientific search engines, including Science Direct, Wiley Online, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. This review revealed that FA exerts protective effects against metabolic diseases such as diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, obesity, and diabetic hypertension, with beneficial effects on pancreatic cancer. Findings also indicated that FA improves insulin secretion by increasing Ca2+ influx through the L-type Ca2+ channel, thus aiding in diabetes management. Furthermore, FA regulates the activity of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-1β) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px) and reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, which are common features of metabolic diseases. FA also affects various signaling pathways, including the MAPK/NF-κB pathways, which play an important role in the progression of diabetic neuropathy and other metabolic disorders. Additionally, FA regulates apoptosis markers (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3) and exerts its protective effects on cellular destruction. In conclusion, FA and its derivatives may act as potential medications for the management of metabolic diseases.
摘要：
代谢疾病是损害正常代谢过程的异常情况，这涉及到在细胞水平将食物转化为能量，并导致肥胖和糖尿病等困难。该研究旨在研究阿魏酸（FA）及其衍生物如何预防不同的代谢疾病和紊乱，并了解其治疗作用的特定分子机制。有关FA与代谢疾病和障碍的关联的信息是从不同的科学搜索引擎中汇编的。包括科学直接，Wiley在线,PubMed,Scopus,WebofScience,SpringerLink,谷歌学者。这篇综述揭示了FA对糖尿病等代谢性疾病具有保护作用。糖尿病视网膜病变，神经病,肾病，心肌病,肥胖，和糖尿病高血压，对胰腺癌有好处。研究结果还表明，FA通过L型Ca2通道增加Ca2内流来改善胰岛素分泌，从而帮助糖尿病管理。此外，FA调节炎性细胞因子（TNF-α，IL-18和IL-1β)和抗氧化酶(CAT，SOD,和GSH-Px）并减少氧化应激和炎症，这是代谢性疾病的共同特征。FA还影响各种信号通路，包括MAPK/NF-κB通路，在糖尿病神经病变和其他代谢紊乱的进展中起重要作用。此外,FA调节细胞凋亡标志物(Bcl-2，Bax，和caspase-3），并对细胞破坏发挥保护作用。总之,FA及其衍生物可作为治疗代谢性疾病的潜在药物。
