Abstract：
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with an unknown underlying cause. There is no complete cure for IPF; however, two anti-fibrotic agents (Nintedanib and pirfenidone) are approved by the USFDA to extend the patient\'s life span. Therefore, alternative therapies supporting the survival of fibrotic patients have been studied in recent literature. The abundance of phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, has gathered attention due to their potential health benefits. Various flavonoids, like naringin, quercetin, baicalin, baicalein, puerarin, silymarin, and kaempferol, exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, which help decrease lung fibrosis. Various databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest, and Scopus, as well as particular websites, such as the World Health Organisation and the National Institutes of Health, were used to conduct a literature search. Several mechanisms of action of flavonoids are reported with the help of in vivo and cell line studies emphasizing their ability to modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrotic processes in the lungs. They are reported for the restoration of biomarkers like hydroxyproline, cytokines, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and others associated with IPF and for modulating various pathways responsible for the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Yet, flavonoids have some drawbacks, such as poor solubility, challenging drug loading, stability issues, and scarce bioavailability. Therefore, novel formulations of flavonoids are explored, including liposomes, solid lipid microparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, nanogels, and nanocrystals, to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of flavonoids in pulmonary fibrosis. This review focuses on the role of flavonoids in mitigating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, their mode of action and novel formulations.
摘要：
特发性肺纤维化（IPF）是一种潜在病因未知的进行性肺部疾病。IPF没有完全治愈;然而，两种抗纤维化药物（Nintedanib和吡非尼酮）被美国FDA批准用于延长患者的寿命。因此,最近的文献研究了支持纤维化患者生存的替代疗法.丰富的酚类化合物，特别是类黄酮，由于其潜在的健康益处而引起了人们的关注。各种类黄酮，比如柚皮苷,槲皮素,黄芩苷,黄芩素,葛根素,水飞蓟素,还有山奈酚,表现出抗炎和抗氧化特性，有助于减少肺纤维化。各种数据库,包括PubMed,EBSCO,ProQuest,还有Scopus,以及特定的网站，比如世界卫生组织和美国国立卫生研究院,被用来进行文献检索。在体内和细胞系研究的帮助下，黄酮类化合物的几种作用机制被报道，强调了它们调节氧化应激的能力。炎症,和肺中的纤维化过程。据报道，它们可以恢复羟基脯氨酸等生物标志物，细胞因子,超氧化物歧化酶,丙二醛和其他与IPF相关的物质，用于调节肺纤维化进展的各种途径。然而，黄酮类化合物有一些缺点，如溶解性差，具有挑战性的药物装载，稳定性问题,和稀缺的生物利用度。因此,探索了黄酮类化合物的新配方，包括脂质体,固体脂质微粒，聚合物纳米颗粒，纳米凝胶,和纳米晶体，以增强黄酮类化合物在肺纤维化中的治疗功效。本文综述了黄酮类化合物在缓解特发性肺纤维化中的作用。他们的作用方式和新颖的配方。
