Abstract：
The increased environmental presence of micro-/nanoplastics (MNPLs) and the potential health risks associated with their exposure classify them as environmental pollutants with special environmental and health concerns. Consequently, there is an urgent need to investigate the potential risks associated with secondary MNPLs. In this context, using \"true-to-life\" MNPLs, resulting from the laboratory degradation of plastic goods, may be a sound approach. These non-commercial secondary MNPLs must be labeled to track their presence/journeys inside cells or organisms. Because the cell internalization of MNPLs is commonly analyzed using fluorescence techniques, the use of fluorescent dyes may be a sound method to label them. Five different compounds comprising two chemical dyes (Nile Red and Rhodamine-B), one optical brightener (Opticol), and two industrial dyes (Amarillo Luminoso and iDye PolyPink) were tested to determine their potential for such applications. Using commercial standards of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPLs) with an average size of 170 nm, different characteristics of the selected dyes such as the absence of impact on cell viability, specificity for plastic staining, no leaching, and lack of interference with other fluorochromes were analyzed. Based on the overall data obtained in the wide battery of assays performed, iDye PolyPink exhibited the most advantages, with respect to the other compounds, and was selected to effectively label \"true-to-life\" MNPLs. These advantages were confirmed using a proposed protocol, and labeling titanium-doped PETNPLs (obtained from the degradation of milk PET plastic bottles), as an example of \"true-to-life\" secondary NPLs. These results confirmed the usefulness of iDye PolyPink for labeling MNPLs and detecting cell internalization.
摘要：
微/纳米塑料（MNPL）的环境存在增加以及与其暴露相关的潜在健康风险将其归类为具有特殊环境和健康问题的环境污染物。因此,迫切需要调查与继发性MNPLs相关的潜在风险.在这种情况下，使用“真实的”跨国公司，由于塑料制品的实验室降解，可能是一个合理的方法。这些非商业次级MNPL必须被标记以跟踪它们在细胞或生物体内的存在/旅程。由于MNPL的细胞内化通常使用荧光技术进行分析，使用荧光染料可能是一种合理的方法来标记它们。包含两种化学染料（尼罗红和罗丹明B）的五种不同化合物，一种光学增白剂（Opticol），测试了两种工业染料（AmarilloLuminoso和iDyePolyPink），以确定它们在此类应用中的潜力。使用平均尺寸为170nm的聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（PSNPL）的商业标准，所选染料的不同特征，例如对细胞活力没有影响，对塑料染色的特异性，没有浸出，并分析了对其他荧光染料的干扰。根据在进行的一系列试验中获得的总体数据，iDyePolyPink表现出最大的优势，关于其他化合物，并被选中有效地标记“真实生活”的跨国公司。使用拟议的协议证实了这些优势，并标记掺杂钛的PETNPLs（从牛奶PET塑料瓶的降解中获得），作为“真实生活”二级不良贷款的一个例子。这些结果证实了iDyePolyPink用于标记MNPL和检测细胞内化的有用性。
