Abstract：
BACKGROUND: With increased applications of rare earth elements (REEs) across various industries, evaluating the relationship between REEs exposure and potential health effects has become a public concern. In vivo experiments have established that REEs impact renal function. However, relevant epidemiological evidence on this relationship remains scarce. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of exposure to REEs on renal function.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 1052 participants were recruited from Guangxi, China. We measured urinary concentrations of 12 REEs using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Multiple linear regression models were developed to explore the relationship between a single REEs exposure and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a marker of renal function. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to examine the combined effects of REE co-exposure on eGFR.
RESULTS: In the multiple linear regression analysis, increasing the concentrations of lanthanum (La, β: 8.22, 95% CI: 5.67-10.77), cerium (Ce, β:6.61, 95% CI: 3.80-9.43), praseodymium (Pr, β: 8.46, 95% CI: 5.85-11.07), neodymium (Nd, β:8.75, 95% CI: 6.10-11.41), and dysprosium (Dy, β:7.38, 95% CI: 4.85-9.91) significantly increased the eGFR. In the WQS regression model, the WQS index was significantly associated with eGFR (β: 4.03, 95% CI: 2.46-5.60), with Pr having the strongest correlation with eGFR. Similar results were obtained in the BKMR model. Additionally, interactions between Pr and La, and Pr and Nd were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Co-exposure to REEs is positively associated with elevated eGFR. Pr is likely to have the most significant influence on increased eGFRs and this might be exacerbated when interacting with La and Nd. Mixed exposure to low doses of REEs had a protective effect on renal function, which can provide some evidence for the exposure threshold of REEs in the environment.
BACKGROUND: The study has been approved by the Guangxi Medical University Medical Ethics Committee (#20170206-1), and all participants provided written informed consent.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 1052 participants were recruited from Guangxi, China. We measured urinary concentrations of 12 REEs using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Multiple linear regression models were developed to explore the relationship between a single REEs exposure and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a marker of renal function. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to examine the combined effects of REE co-exposure on eGFR.
RESULTS: In the multiple linear regression analysis, increasing the concentrations of lanthanum (La, β: 8.22, 95% CI: 5.67-10.77), cerium (Ce, β:6.61, 95% CI: 3.80-9.43), praseodymium (Pr, β: 8.46, 95% CI: 5.85-11.07), neodymium (Nd, β:8.75, 95% CI: 6.10-11.41), and dysprosium (Dy, β:7.38, 95% CI: 4.85-9.91) significantly increased the eGFR. In the WQS regression model, the WQS index was significantly associated with eGFR (β: 4.03, 95% CI: 2.46-5.60), with Pr having the strongest correlation with eGFR. Similar results were obtained in the BKMR model. Additionally, interactions between Pr and La, and Pr and Nd were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Co-exposure to REEs is positively associated with elevated eGFR. Pr is likely to have the most significant influence on increased eGFRs and this might be exacerbated when interacting with La and Nd. Mixed exposure to low doses of REEs had a protective effect on renal function, which can provide some evidence for the exposure threshold of REEs in the environment.
BACKGROUND: The study has been approved by the Guangxi Medical University Medical Ethics Committee (#20170206-1), and all participants provided written informed consent.
摘要：
背景：随着稀土元素（REE）在各个行业中的应用增加，评估稀土元素暴露与潜在健康影响之间的关系已成为公众关注的问题。体内实验已经确定REE影响肾功能。然而,关于这种关系的相关流行病学证据仍然很少.这项研究的目的是检查暴露于REE对肾功能的影响。
方法：在这项横断面研究中，1052名参与者来自广西，中国。我们使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测量了12种REE的尿液浓度。建立了多元线性回归模型，以探索单一REE暴露与估计的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）之间的关系。肾功能的标志.使用加权分位数和（WQS）回归和贝叶斯核机回归（BKMR）来检查REE共同暴露对eGFR的综合影响。
结果：在多元线性回归分析中，增加镧的浓度(La，β：8.22，95%CI：5.67-10.77），铈(Ce,β：6.61，95%CI：3.80-9.43），镨（Pr，β：8.46，95%CI：5.85-11.07），钕（Nd，β：8.75，95%CI：6.10-11.41），和Dy（Dy，β：7.38，95%CI：4.85-9.91）显著增加eGFR。在WQS回归模型中，WQS指数与eGFR显著相关(β:4.03,95%CI:2.46-5.60),Pr与eGFR的相关性最强。在BKMR模型中获得了类似的结果。此外,Pr和La之间的相互作用，并观察到Pr和Nd。
结论：共同接触稀土元素与eGFR升高呈正相关。Pr可能对增加的eGFRs具有最显著的影响,并且当与La和Nd相互作用时这可能加剧。混合暴露于低剂量的REE对肾功能有保护作用，这可以为环境中稀土元素的暴露阈值提供一些证据。
背景：该研究已获得广西医科大学医学伦理委员会的批准（＃20170206-1），所有参与者均提供书面知情同意书.
方法：在这项横断面研究中，1052名参与者来自广西，中国。我们使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测量了12种REE的尿液浓度。建立了多元线性回归模型，以探索单一REE暴露与估计的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）之间的关系。肾功能的标志.使用加权分位数和（WQS）回归和贝叶斯核机回归（BKMR）来检查REE共同暴露对eGFR的综合影响。
结果：在多元线性回归分析中，增加镧的浓度(La，β：8.22，95%CI：5.67-10.77），铈(Ce,β：6.61，95%CI：3.80-9.43），镨（Pr，β：8.46，95%CI：5.85-11.07），钕（Nd，β：8.75，95%CI：6.10-11.41），和Dy（Dy，β：7.38，95%CI：4.85-9.91）显著增加eGFR。在WQS回归模型中，WQS指数与eGFR显著相关(β:4.03,95%CI:2.46-5.60),Pr与eGFR的相关性最强。在BKMR模型中获得了类似的结果。此外,Pr和La之间的相互作用，并观察到Pr和Nd。
结论：共同接触稀土元素与eGFR升高呈正相关。Pr可能对增加的eGFRs具有最显著的影响,并且当与La和Nd相互作用时这可能加剧。混合暴露于低剂量的REE对肾功能有保护作用，这可以为环境中稀土元素的暴露阈值提供一些证据。
背景：该研究已获得广西医科大学医学伦理委员会的批准（＃20170206-1），所有参与者均提供书面知情同意书.
