PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Handheld phone use while driving is a major factor in vehicle crashes. Scalable interventions are needed to encourage drivers not to use their phones.
UNASSIGNED: To test whether interventions involving social comparison feedback and/or financial incentives can reduce drivers\' handheld phone use.
UNASSIGNED: In a randomized clinical trial, interventions were administered nationwide in the US via a mobile application in the context of a usage-based insurance program (Snapshot Mobile application). Customers were eligible to be invited to participate in the study if enrolled in the usage-based insurance program for 30 to 70 days. The study was conducted from May 13 to June 30, 2019. Analysis was completed December 22, 2023.
UNASSIGNED: Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 trial arms for a 7-week intervention period: (1) control; (2) feedback, with weekly push notification about their handheld phone use compared with that of similar others; (3) standard incentive, with a maximum $50 award at the end of the intervention based on how their handheld phone use compared with similar others; (4) standard incentive plus feedback, combining interventions of arms 2 and 3; (5) reframed incentive plus feedback, with a maximum $7.15 award each week, framed as participant\'s to lose; and (6) doubled reframed incentive plus feedback, a maximum $14.29 weekly loss-framed award.
UNASSIGNED: Proportion of drive time engaged in handheld phone use in seconds per hour (s/h) of driving. Analyses were conducted with the intention-to-treat approach.
UNASSIGNED: Of 17 663 customers invited by email to participate, 2109 opted in and were randomized. A total of 2020 drivers finished the intervention period (68.0% female; median age, 30 [IQR, 25-39] years). Median baseline handheld phone use was 216 (IQR, 72-480) s/h. Relative to control, feedback and standard incentive participants did not reduce their handheld phone use. Standard incentive plus feedback participants reduced their use by -38 (95% CI, -69 to -8) s/h (P = .045); reframed incentive plus feedback participants reduced their use by -56 (95% CI, -87 to -26) s/h (P < .001); and doubled reframed incentive plus feedback participants reduced their use by -42 s/h (95% CI, -72 to -13 s/h; P = .007). The 5 active treatment arms did not differ significantly from each other.
UNASSIGNED: In this randomized clinical trial, providing social comparison feedback plus incentives reduced handheld phone use while individuals were driving.
UNASSIGNED: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03833219.
UNASSIGNED: To test whether interventions involving social comparison feedback and/or financial incentives can reduce drivers\' handheld phone use.
UNASSIGNED: In a randomized clinical trial, interventions were administered nationwide in the US via a mobile application in the context of a usage-based insurance program (Snapshot Mobile application). Customers were eligible to be invited to participate in the study if enrolled in the usage-based insurance program for 30 to 70 days. The study was conducted from May 13 to June 30, 2019. Analysis was completed December 22, 2023.
UNASSIGNED: Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 trial arms for a 7-week intervention period: (1) control; (2) feedback, with weekly push notification about their handheld phone use compared with that of similar others; (3) standard incentive, with a maximum $50 award at the end of the intervention based on how their handheld phone use compared with similar others; (4) standard incentive plus feedback, combining interventions of arms 2 and 3; (5) reframed incentive plus feedback, with a maximum $7.15 award each week, framed as participant\'s to lose; and (6) doubled reframed incentive plus feedback, a maximum $14.29 weekly loss-framed award.
UNASSIGNED: Proportion of drive time engaged in handheld phone use in seconds per hour (s/h) of driving. Analyses were conducted with the intention-to-treat approach.
UNASSIGNED: Of 17 663 customers invited by email to participate, 2109 opted in and were randomized. A total of 2020 drivers finished the intervention period (68.0% female; median age, 30 [IQR, 25-39] years). Median baseline handheld phone use was 216 (IQR, 72-480) s/h. Relative to control, feedback and standard incentive participants did not reduce their handheld phone use. Standard incentive plus feedback participants reduced their use by -38 (95% CI, -69 to -8) s/h (P = .045); reframed incentive plus feedback participants reduced their use by -56 (95% CI, -87 to -26) s/h (P < .001); and doubled reframed incentive plus feedback participants reduced their use by -42 s/h (95% CI, -72 to -13 s/h; P = .007). The 5 active treatment arms did not differ significantly from each other.
UNASSIGNED: In this randomized clinical trial, providing social comparison feedback plus incentives reduced handheld phone use while individuals were driving.
UNASSIGNED: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03833219.
摘要：
■驾驶时使用手持电话是车辆撞车的主要因素。需要采取可扩展的干预措施来鼓励驾驶员不要使用手机。
■测试涉及社会比较反馈和/或经济激励措施的干预措施是否可以减少驾驶员\'手持电话的使用。
■在一项随机临床试验中，在基于使用情况的保险计划(SnapshotMobile应用程序)的背景下,通过移动应用程序在美国全国范围内实施干预措施.如果参加基于使用的保险计划30至70天，客户有资格被邀请参加研究。该研究于2019年5月13日至6月30日进行。分析于2023年12月22日完成。
■参与者被随机分配到6个试验组中的1个，为期7周的干预期：（1）控制；（2）反馈，每周推送通知他们的手持电话使用情况，与类似的其他人相比；(3)标准激励，根据他们的手持电话与其他类似电话的使用情况，在干预结束时最高可获得50美元的奖励；(4)标准激励加上反馈，结合第二和第三武器的干预；(5)重组激励加反馈，每周最高奖励7.15美元，将参与者视为输球；(6)将重组激励加反馈加倍，最高每周14.29美元的损失框架奖励。
■从事手持电话使用的驾驶时间的比例，以每小时（s/h）驾驶秒为单位。采用意向治疗方法进行分析。
■在通过电子邮件邀请参加的17663名客户中，2109人选择并随机分组。共有2020名司机完成了干预期(68.0%为女性；平均年龄，30[IQR，25-39]年）。基线手持电话使用中位数为216(IQR，72-480）秒/小时。相对于控制，反馈和标准激励参与者并没有减少他们手持电话的使用。标准激励加反馈参与者的使用率降低了-38（95％CI，-69至-8）s/h（P=.045）；重组激励加反馈参与者的使用率降低了-56（95％CI，-87至-26）s/h（P<.001）；加倍重组激励加反馈参与者的使用率降低了-42s/h（95％CI，-72至-13s/h；P=.5个主动治疗组彼此之间没有显着差异。
■在这项随机临床试验中，提供社会比较反馈和奖励减少手持电话的使用，而个人驾驶。
■ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT03833219。
■测试涉及社会比较反馈和/或经济激励措施的干预措施是否可以减少驾驶员\'手持电话的使用。
■在一项随机临床试验中，在基于使用情况的保险计划(SnapshotMobile应用程序)的背景下,通过移动应用程序在美国全国范围内实施干预措施.如果参加基于使用的保险计划30至70天，客户有资格被邀请参加研究。该研究于2019年5月13日至6月30日进行。分析于2023年12月22日完成。
■参与者被随机分配到6个试验组中的1个，为期7周的干预期：（1）控制；（2）反馈，每周推送通知他们的手持电话使用情况，与类似的其他人相比；(3)标准激励，根据他们的手持电话与其他类似电话的使用情况，在干预结束时最高可获得50美元的奖励；(4)标准激励加上反馈，结合第二和第三武器的干预；(5)重组激励加反馈，每周最高奖励7.15美元，将参与者视为输球；(6)将重组激励加反馈加倍，最高每周14.29美元的损失框架奖励。
■从事手持电话使用的驾驶时间的比例，以每小时（s/h）驾驶秒为单位。采用意向治疗方法进行分析。
■在通过电子邮件邀请参加的17663名客户中，2109人选择并随机分组。共有2020名司机完成了干预期(68.0%为女性；平均年龄，30[IQR，25-39]年）。基线手持电话使用中位数为216(IQR，72-480）秒/小时。相对于控制，反馈和标准激励参与者并没有减少他们手持电话的使用。标准激励加反馈参与者的使用率降低了-38（95％CI，-69至-8）s/h（P=.045）；重组激励加反馈参与者的使用率降低了-56（95％CI，-87至-26）s/h（P<.001）；加倍重组激励加反馈参与者的使用率降低了-42s/h（95％CI，-72至-13s/h；P=.5个主动治疗组彼此之间没有显着差异。
■在这项随机临床试验中，提供社会比较反馈和奖励减少手持电话的使用，而个人驾驶。
■ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT03833219。
