Abstract：
Nanotechnology has become a major topic of study, particularly in the medical and health domains. Because nanomedicine has a higher recovery rate than other conventional drugs, it has attracted more attention. Green synthesis is the most efficient and sustainable method of creating nanoparticles. The current work used ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction to thoroughly characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Azadirachta indica leaf extract. Characterization confirmed the synthesis of the AgNPs along with the possible linkage of the phytochemicals with the silver as well as the quantitative analysis and nature of NPs. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs and neem extract was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay using various concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µg/ml). Additionally, using diabetic mice that had been given alloxan, the in vivo antidiabetic potential of biosynthesized AgNPs was assessed. Eight groups of mice were used to assess the antidiabetic activity: one control group and seven experimental groups (untreated, extract-treated, AgNPs at low and high doses, standard drug, low dose of AgNPs + drug, and high dose of AgNPs + drug). At days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28, blood glucose levels and body weight were measured. After 28 days, the mice were dissected, and the liver, kidney, and pancreas were examined histologically. The results depicted that the AgNPs showed higher (significant) radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 35.2 µg/ml) than extract (IC50 = 93.0 µg/ml) and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 64.6 µg/ml). The outcomes demonstrated that biosynthesized AgNPs had a great deal of promise as an antidiabetic agent and exhibited remarkable effects in diabetic mice given AgNPs, extract, and drug. Remarkable improvement in the body weight and blood glucose level of mice treated with high doses of AgNPs and drug was observed. The body weight and blood glucose level of diabetic mice treated with a high dose of AgNPs + standard drug showed significant improvement, going from 28.7 ± 0.2 to 35.6 ± 0.3 g and 248 ± 0.3 to 109 ± 0.1 mg/dl, respectively. Significant regeneration was also observed in the histomorphology of the kidney, liver\'s central vein, and islets of Langerhans after treatment with biosynthesized AgNPs. Diabetic mice given a high dose of AgNPs and drug displayed architecture of the kidney, liver, and pancreas that was nearly identical to that of the control group. According to the current research, biosynthesized AgNPs have strong antioxidant and antidiabetic potential and may eventually provide a less expensive option for the treatment of diabetes.
摘要：
纳米技术已经成为一个重要的研究课题,特别是在医疗和健康领域。因为纳米药物比其他常规药物具有更高的回收率，它引起了更多的关注。绿色合成是创造纳米粒子的最有效和可持续的方法。目前的工作使用紫外可见光谱，傅里叶变换红外光谱,扫描电子显微镜，能量色散X射线，和X-射线衍射来彻底表征由印染叶提取物合成的银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)。表征证实了AgNP的合成以及植物化学物质与银的可能连接以及NP的定量分析和性质。通过使用各种浓度（20、40、60、80和100µg/ml）的2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼测定法来测量AgNP和印em提取物的抗氧化活性。此外,使用给予四氧嘧啶的糖尿病小鼠，评估了生物合成AgNPs的体内抗糖尿病潜力.使用八组小鼠来评估抗糖尿病活性：一个对照组和七个实验组（未经治疗，提取物处理，低剂量和高剂量的AgNPs，标准药物,低剂量的AgNPs+药物，和高剂量的AgNPs+药物)。在第0、7、14、21和28天,测量血糖水平和体重。28天后,老鼠被解剖,还有肝脏,肾,对胰腺进行组织学检查。结果表明，AgNP显示出比提取物（IC50=93.0µg/ml）和抗坏血酸（IC50=64.6µg/ml）更高（显着）的自由基清除活性（IC50=35.2µg/ml）。结果表明，生物合成的AgNPs作为抗糖尿病药物有很大的希望，并且在给予AgNPs的糖尿病小鼠中表现出显著的效果。Extract,和药物。观察到用高剂量的AgNP和药物治疗的小鼠的体重和血糖水平的显著改善。高剂量AgNPs+标准药物治疗的糖尿病小鼠体重和血糖水平均有显著改善,从28.7±0.2到35.6±0.3g，从248±0.3到109±0.1mg/dl，分别。在肾脏的组织形态学中也观察到显着的再生，肝脏的中央静脉,和用生物合成的AgNP处理后的胰岛。给予高剂量AgNP和药物的糖尿病小鼠表现出肾脏的结构，肝脏,和胰腺几乎与对照组相同。根据目前的研究,生物合成的AgNPs具有很强的抗氧化和抗糖尿病潜力，最终可能为糖尿病的治疗提供更便宜的选择。
