Abstract：
Mancozeb is a fungicide of the dithiocarbamate functional group, and it is widely used in agriculture to control various fungal diseases. Thus, studies detailing its toxicological characteristics are necessary, as the population may be exposed through the consumption of food or water contaminated with mancozeb. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potentials of this dithiocarbamate using the Allium cepa L. test system as well as its cytotoxicity in erythrocytes of female rats (Rattus norvegicus). The meristematic roots of A. cepa bulbs were exposed to various concentrations of mancozeb (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/L) for 24, 48, and 72 h to determine cytotoxicity by evaluating the mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA), and nuclear anomalies (NA) for genotoxicity analysis and micronuclei (MN) for mutagenicity analysis. Distilled water and copper sulfate (0.0006 mg/L) were used as the negative control (NC) and positive control (PC), respectively. The MI and the sum of CA and NA of all the mancozeb concentrations showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in relation to the NC, indicating possible cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by mancozeb. Additionally, MN significantly increased with mancozeb concentration from 250 mg/L to 500 mg/L in 24 h when compared to NC. In another study model, mancozeb showed to be cytolytic at concentrations starting from 125 mg/L. Therefore, these results indicate that mancozeb causes cytogenetic alterations and mutagenicity at lower concentrations than those used in agriculture, which emphasizes the need for more care when managing this fungicide.
摘要：
代森锌是二硫代氨基甲酸酯官能团的杀真菌剂，在农业中广泛用于控制各种真菌疾病。因此，详细介绍其毒理学特征的研究是必要的，因为人口可能通过食用被代森锰锌污染的食物或水而暴露。这项研究的目的是评估细胞毒性，基因毒性，使用洋葱测试系统及其对雌性大鼠（Rattusnorvegicus）红细胞的细胞毒性。将A.cepa鳞茎的分生组织根暴露于各种浓度的代森锰锌（62.5、125、250和500mg/L）24、48和72小时，以通过评估有丝分裂指数（MI）来确定细胞毒性，染色体畸变（CA），核异常（NA）用于遗传毒性分析，微核（MN）用于诱变性分析。蒸馏水和硫酸铜(0.0006mg/L)作为阴性对照(NC)和阳性对照(PC),分别。所有代森锌浓度的MI和CA和NA的总和显示出与NC有关的显着差异（p≤0.05），表明代森锌诱导的可能的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。此外,与NC相比，MN在24小时内随代森锌浓度从250mg/L到500mg/L而显着增加。在另一个研究模型中，从125mg/L开始的浓度下，代森锌显示出细胞溶解性。因此,这些结果表明，代森锰锌在比农业中使用的浓度更低的浓度下引起细胞遗传学改变和诱变性，这强调了在管理这种杀菌剂时需要更多的护理。
