PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Majority of new Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive persons in Ghana are aged 15-24. HIV prevalence among persons aged 15-24 years, a proxy for new infections, remained stable at 1.5% for 2017 and 2018, making it a significant public health concern. Yet only 26.4% of females and 8.6% of males aged 15-24 years know their HIV status. This study determined the predictive ability of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in HIV testing and counselling (HTC) uptake among youth (15-24 years) in the La-Nkwantanang Madina Municipality, Ghana.
METHODS: A cross-sectional design was adopted for the study, using a multistage sampling method to select 415 youth aged 15-24. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and analysed using binomial logistic regression with STATA software version 16.0 at p < 0.05 significance level and at 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS: HTC uptake was 29.2%. Perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy predicted HTC uptake. Youths with a high-risk perception for contracting HIV [OR = 3.03; 95% CI = 1.46, 6.30, p = 0.003], who perceived that they can contract HIV if not protected [OR = 3.69; 95% CI = 1.47, 9.22, p = 0.005], and worry about getting HIV [OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.61, 5.69, p < 0.001] (perceived susceptibility) were more likely to uptake HTC. Youths who had no trust issues with health workers [OR = 3.53; 95% CI = 1.46, 8.53, p = 0.005] and those who were not afraid of positive HIV test results [OR = 5.29; 95% CI = 2.66, 10.51, p,0.001] (perceived barriers) were more likely to uptake HTC. Youths who had no difficulties in turning up for appointments (perceived self-efficacy) had higher odds of HTC uptake [OR = 11.89, 95% CI = 6.73, 20.98, P < 0.001]. For the modifying factors, being married [OR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.65-5.33], and having knowledge of HTC [OR = 9.10; 95% CI = 2.16-38.3], significantly influenced HTC uptake.
CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion interventions to increase HTC uptake should focus on heightening the perception of susceptibility to HIV, reducing the barriers to HTC uptake, and increasing the self-efficacy for HTC uptake. The interventions should also target the significant modifying factors.
METHODS: A cross-sectional design was adopted for the study, using a multistage sampling method to select 415 youth aged 15-24. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and analysed using binomial logistic regression with STATA software version 16.0 at p < 0.05 significance level and at 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS: HTC uptake was 29.2%. Perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy predicted HTC uptake. Youths with a high-risk perception for contracting HIV [OR = 3.03; 95% CI = 1.46, 6.30, p = 0.003], who perceived that they can contract HIV if not protected [OR = 3.69; 95% CI = 1.47, 9.22, p = 0.005], and worry about getting HIV [OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.61, 5.69, p < 0.001] (perceived susceptibility) were more likely to uptake HTC. Youths who had no trust issues with health workers [OR = 3.53; 95% CI = 1.46, 8.53, p = 0.005] and those who were not afraid of positive HIV test results [OR = 5.29; 95% CI = 2.66, 10.51, p,0.001] (perceived barriers) were more likely to uptake HTC. Youths who had no difficulties in turning up for appointments (perceived self-efficacy) had higher odds of HTC uptake [OR = 11.89, 95% CI = 6.73, 20.98, P < 0.001]. For the modifying factors, being married [OR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.65-5.33], and having knowledge of HTC [OR = 9.10; 95% CI = 2.16-38.3], significantly influenced HTC uptake.
CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion interventions to increase HTC uptake should focus on heightening the perception of susceptibility to HIV, reducing the barriers to HTC uptake, and increasing the self-efficacy for HTC uptake. The interventions should also target the significant modifying factors.
摘要：
背景：加纳大多数新的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）阳性者年龄在15-24岁之间。15-24岁人群的艾滋病毒流行率，新感染的代理，2017年和2018年稳定在1.5%，使其成为一个重大的公共卫生问题。然而，只有26.4%的女性和8.6%的15-24岁男性知道自己的艾滋病毒感染状况。这项研究确定了健康信念模型（HBM）在La-NkwantanangMadina市青年（15-24岁）中艾滋病毒检测和咨询（HTC）吸收的预测能力，加纳。
方法：本研究采用横断面设计，采用多阶段抽样方法选择415名15-24岁青年。数据是使用结构化的面试官管理的问卷收集的，并在p<0.05的显著性水平和95%的置信区间下使用STATA软件16.0版的二项逻辑回归进行分析。
结果：HTC摄取为29.2%。感知易感性，感知障碍，感知自我效能感预测HTC摄取。具有感染艾滋病毒高风险观念的年轻人[OR=3.03；95％CI=1.46，6.30，p=0.003]，他们认为如果没有保护，他们可以感染艾滋病毒[OR=3.69；95%CI=1.47，9.22，p=0.005]，和担心感染HIV[OR=3.03,95%CI=1.61,5.69,p<0.001](感知易感性)更有可能摄取HTC。与卫生工作者没有信任问题的年轻人[OR=3.53;95％CI=1.46，8.53，p=0.005]和那些不怕HIV检测结果阳性的年轻人[OR=5.29;95％CI=2.66，10.51，p，0.001](感知障碍)更有可能摄取HTC。在预约中没有困难的年轻人（感知自我效能感）的HTC摄取几率较高[OR=11.89，95％CI=6.73，20.98，P<0.001]。对于修改因素，已婚[OR=2.96；95%CI=1.65-5.33]，并了解HTC[OR=9.10；95%CI=2.16-38.3]，显著影响HTC摄取。
结论：增加HTC摄取的健康促进干预措施应侧重于提高对HIV易感性的认识，减少HTC吸收的障碍，并增加HTC摄取的自我效能。干预措施还应针对重要的改变因素。
方法：本研究采用横断面设计，采用多阶段抽样方法选择415名15-24岁青年。数据是使用结构化的面试官管理的问卷收集的，并在p<0.05的显著性水平和95%的置信区间下使用STATA软件16.0版的二项逻辑回归进行分析。
结果：HTC摄取为29.2%。感知易感性，感知障碍，感知自我效能感预测HTC摄取。具有感染艾滋病毒高风险观念的年轻人[OR=3.03；95％CI=1.46，6.30，p=0.003]，他们认为如果没有保护，他们可以感染艾滋病毒[OR=3.69；95%CI=1.47，9.22，p=0.005]，和担心感染HIV[OR=3.03,95%CI=1.61,5.69,p<0.001](感知易感性)更有可能摄取HTC。与卫生工作者没有信任问题的年轻人[OR=3.53;95％CI=1.46，8.53，p=0.005]和那些不怕HIV检测结果阳性的年轻人[OR=5.29;95％CI=2.66，10.51，p，0.001](感知障碍)更有可能摄取HTC。在预约中没有困难的年轻人（感知自我效能感）的HTC摄取几率较高[OR=11.89，95％CI=6.73，20.98，P<0.001]。对于修改因素，已婚[OR=2.96；95%CI=1.65-5.33]，并了解HTC[OR=9.10；95%CI=2.16-38.3]，显著影响HTC摄取。
结论：增加HTC摄取的健康促进干预措施应侧重于提高对HIV易感性的认识，减少HTC吸收的障碍，并增加HTC摄取的自我效能。干预措施还应针对重要的改变因素。
