Abstract：
Since veal production has declined in the U.S., American veal producers are currently making efforts to implement new production standards to improve product quality and animal welfare. In this study, we hypothesized that diets containing brewery grains, starch and omega-3 fatty acids could lower a blood stress indicator and improve meat quality, mostly from a nutritional value stand point. Holstein bull calves with approximately 94.67 ± 12.07 kg of body weight and two months old were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments. Diets were formulated with nonmedicated milk replacer, microbreweries spent grains, and a mineral mix (CONTROL); CONTROL + isolated maize starch (STARCH); and CONTROL +3% fish oil (OMEGA-3). Veal calves fed all three diets were heavier than calves of the same age from experiments reported in the existing literature. Dietary treatments did not affect carcass weights, pH, color, moisture, sensory attributes, volatile profile, and fat quality indexes. Calves fed STARCH and OMEGA-3 showed the lowest levels of blood cortisol. Veal fed CONTROL and OMEGA-3 had higher concentrations of ΣMUFA when compared with STARCH. Veal fed OMEGA-3 had the highest concentrations of EPA, DHA, and Σn-3. Veal from all treatments had very high concentrations of ΣMUFA, mostly driven by high levels of c-9 18:1 n-9 from the milk replacer. Feeding OMEGA-3 lowered blood cortisol and increased levels of EPA and DHA without harming sensory attributes. Overall, including brewery grains, starch and fish oil in liquid diets containing milk replacer can improve veal production.
摘要：
由于美国小牛肉产量下降，美国小牛肉生产商目前正在努力实施新的生产标准，以提高产品质量和动物福利。在这项研究中,我们假设含有啤酒谷物的饮食，淀粉和omega-3脂肪酸可以降低血液应激指标，改善肉质，主要是从营养价值的角度来看。体重约94.67±12.07kg且两个月大的荷斯坦公牛被随机分配到3种饮食治疗中的1种。饮食是用非药物代乳品配制的，微型啤酒厂废谷物，和矿物混合物(对照);对照+分离的玉米淀粉(淀粉);和对照+3%鱼油(OMEGA-3)。根据现有文献中报道的实验，饲喂所有三种饮食的小牛都比同龄的小牛重。饮食处理不影响屠体重量，pH值,颜色,水分,感官属性，volatileprofile,和脂肪质量指标。饲喂STARCH和OMEGA-3的小牛显示出最低水平的血液皮质醇。与STARCH相比，小牛肉饲喂CONTROL和OMEGA-3的ΣMUFA浓度更高。小牛肉喂养OMEGA-3的EPA浓度最高，DHA,和Σn-3。所有处理的小牛肉都有很高的ΣMUFA浓度，主要是由牛奶替代品中高水平的c-918:1n-9驱动的。饲喂OMEGA-3可降低血液皮质醇，并增加EPA和DHA的水平，而不会损害感官属性。总的来说,包括啤酒厂的谷物,含代乳品的流质日粮中的淀粉和鱼油可以提高小牛肉产量。
