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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Scientific research and innovation can generate societal impact via different pathways. Productive interactions, such as collaboration between researchers and relevant stakeholders, play an important role and have increasingly gained interest of health funders around the globe. What works, how and why in research partnerships to generate societal impact in terms of knowledge utilisation is still not well-known. To explore these issues, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) initiated an exploratory research-on-research study with a focus on participatory knowledge infrastructures (PKIs) that they fund in the field of public health and healthcare. PKIs are sustainable infrastructures in which knowledge production, dissemination and utilisation takes place via committed collaboration between researchers and stakeholders from policy, practice and/or education. Examples are learning networks, academic collaborative centres, care networks and living labs. The aim of the study was twofold: to gain insights in what constitutes effective collaboration in PKIs; and to learn and improve the research governance, particularly of ZonMw as part of their dissemination and implementation activities.
METHODS: During 2020-2022, we conducted a literature review on long-term research partnerships, analysed available documentation of twenty ZonMw-funded PKIs, surveyed participants of the 2021 European Implementation Event, interviewed steering committee members, organized a Group Decision Room with lecturers, and validated the findings with key experts.
RESULTS: We identified eight mechanisms (\'how and why\') that are conditional for effective collaboration in PKIs: transdisciplinary collaboration; defining a shared ambition; doing justice to everyone\'s interests; investing in personal relationships; a professional organisation or structure; a meaningful collaborative process; mutual trust, sufficient time for and continuity of collaboration. Several factors (\'what\') may hinder (e.g., lack of ownership or structural funding) or facilitate (e.g., stakeholder commitment, embeddedness in an organisation or policy) effective collaboration in research partnerships.
CONCLUSIONS: To use the study results in policy, practice, education, and/or (further) research, cultural and behavioural change of all stakeholders is needed. To facilitate this, we provide recommendations for funding organisations, particularly ZonMw and its partners within the relevant knowledge ecosystem. It is meant as a roadmap towards the realisation and demonstration of societal impact of (health) research and innovation in the upcoming years.
METHODS: During 2020-2022, we conducted a literature review on long-term research partnerships, analysed available documentation of twenty ZonMw-funded PKIs, surveyed participants of the 2021 European Implementation Event, interviewed steering committee members, organized a Group Decision Room with lecturers, and validated the findings with key experts.
RESULTS: We identified eight mechanisms (\'how and why\') that are conditional for effective collaboration in PKIs: transdisciplinary collaboration; defining a shared ambition; doing justice to everyone\'s interests; investing in personal relationships; a professional organisation or structure; a meaningful collaborative process; mutual trust, sufficient time for and continuity of collaboration. Several factors (\'what\') may hinder (e.g., lack of ownership or structural funding) or facilitate (e.g., stakeholder commitment, embeddedness in an organisation or policy) effective collaboration in research partnerships.
CONCLUSIONS: To use the study results in policy, practice, education, and/or (further) research, cultural and behavioural change of all stakeholders is needed. To facilitate this, we provide recommendations for funding organisations, particularly ZonMw and its partners within the relevant knowledge ecosystem. It is meant as a roadmap towards the realisation and demonstration of societal impact of (health) research and innovation in the upcoming years.
摘要：
背景：科学研究和创新可以通过不同的途径产生社会影响。生产性互动，例如研究人员和相关利益相关者之间的合作，发挥着重要作用，并越来越受到全球卫生资助者的关注。什么工作，在研究伙伴关系中如何以及为什么在知识利用方面产生社会影响仍然不为人所知。为了探讨这些问题,荷兰卫生研究与发展组织（ZonMw）发起了一项探索性研究，重点是他们在公共卫生和医疗保健领域资助的参与性知识基础设施（PKI）。公钥基础设施是可持续的基础设施，在这些基础设施中，知识生产，传播和利用是通过研究人员和政策利益相关者之间的坚定合作进行的，实践和/或教育。例如学习网络，学术合作中心，护理网络和生活实验室。这项研究的目的是双重的：深入了解什么是PKI的有效合作；学习和改进研究治理，特别是作为其传播和实施活动的一部分的ZonMw。
方法：在2020-2022年期间，我们对长期研究合作伙伴关系进行了文献综述，分析了20个ZonMw资助的PKI的现有文件，对2021年欧洲实施活动的参与者进行了调查，接受采访的指导委员会成员，与讲师一起组织了一个小组决策室，并与关键专家验证了研究结果。
结果：我们确定了八种机制（“如何和为什么”），这些机制是PKI中有效合作的条件：跨学科合作；定义共同的抱负；公正对待每个人的利益；投资个人关系；专业组织或结构；有意义的协作过程；相互信任，有足够的时间和连续性的合作。几个因素(“什么”)可能会阻碍(例如，缺乏所有权或结构性资金)或便利(例如，利益相关者的承诺，组织或政策中的嵌入)研究伙伴关系中的有效合作。
结论：为了在政策中使用研究结果，实践,教育,和/或（进一步）研究，需要改变所有利益相关者的文化和行为。为了促进这一点，我们为资助组织提供建议，特别是ZonMw及其在相关知识生态系统中的合作伙伴。它旨在作为未来几年实现和展示（健康）研究和创新的社会影响的路线图。
方法：在2020-2022年期间，我们对长期研究合作伙伴关系进行了文献综述，分析了20个ZonMw资助的PKI的现有文件，对2021年欧洲实施活动的参与者进行了调查，接受采访的指导委员会成员，与讲师一起组织了一个小组决策室，并与关键专家验证了研究结果。
结果：我们确定了八种机制（“如何和为什么”），这些机制是PKI中有效合作的条件：跨学科合作；定义共同的抱负；公正对待每个人的利益；投资个人关系；专业组织或结构；有意义的协作过程；相互信任，有足够的时间和连续性的合作。几个因素(“什么”)可能会阻碍(例如，缺乏所有权或结构性资金)或便利(例如，利益相关者的承诺，组织或政策中的嵌入)研究伙伴关系中的有效合作。
结论：为了在政策中使用研究结果，实践,教育,和/或（进一步）研究，需要改变所有利益相关者的文化和行为。为了促进这一点，我们为资助组织提供建议，特别是ZonMw及其在相关知识生态系统中的合作伙伴。它旨在作为未来几年实现和展示（健康）研究和创新的社会影响的路线图。
