PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
While shoulder injuries resulting from the bench press exercise are commonly reported, no biomechanical evidence for lowering injury risk is currently available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare musculoskeletal shoulder loads and potential injury risk during several bench press variations. Ten experienced strength athletes performed 21 technical variations of the barbell bench press, including variations in grip width of 1,1.5 and 2 bi-acromial widths (BAW), shoulder abduction angles of 45°, 70° and 90°, and scapula poses including neutral, retracted, and released conditions. Motions and forces were recorded by an opto-electronic measurement system and an instrumented barbell. An OpenSim musculoskeletal shoulder model was employed to estimate joint reaction forces in the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints. Time-series of joint reaction forces were compared between techniques by statistical non-parametric mapping. Results showed that narrower grip widths of < 1.5 BAW decreased acromioclavicular compression (p < 0.05), which may decrease the risk for distal clavicular osteolysis. Moreover, scapula retraction, as well as a grip width of < 1.5 BAW (p < 0.05), decreased glenohumeral posterior shear force components and rotator cuff activity and may decrease the risk for glenohumeral instability and rotator cuff injuries. Furthermore, results showed that mediolaterally exerted barbell force components varied considerably between athletes and largely affected shoulder reaction forces. It can be concluded that the grip width, scapula pose and mediolateral exerted barbell forces during the bench press influence musculoskeletal shoulder loads and the potential injury risk. Results of this study can contribute to safer bench press training guidelines.
摘要：
虽然经常有报道称，卧推运动导致的肩部受伤，目前尚无降低损伤风险的生物力学证据.因此,本研究的目的是比较几种卧推变化过程中的肌肉骨骼肩关节负荷和潜在损伤风险。十名经验丰富的力量运动员进行了杠铃卧推的21种技术变化，包括1,1.5和2双肩峰宽度(BAW)的握把宽度变化，肩关节外展角45°,70°和90°,肩胛骨姿势包括中立，收回,和释放的条件。运动和力量由光电测量系统和仪表杠铃记录。使用OpenSim肌肉骨骼肩部模型来估计盂肱和肩锁关节中的关节反作用力。通过统计非参数映射在技术之间比较了关节反作用力的时间序列。结果表明，<1.5BAW的更窄的握力宽度降低了肩锁关节受压（p<0.05），这可能会降低锁骨远端骨溶解的风险。此外，肩胛骨回缩,以及<1.5BAW（p<0.05）的抓地力宽度，肱骨后剪切力分量和肩袖活动减少，并可能降低肱骨不稳定和肩袖损伤的风险。此外，结果表明，运动员中间施加的杠铃力分量差异很大，并且在很大程度上影响了肩部反作用力。可以得出结论，握把宽度，在卧推过程中，肩胛骨姿势和中外侧施加的杠铃力会影响肌肉骨骼肩部负荷和潜在的伤害风险。这项研究的结果可以有助于更安全的卧推训练指南。
