PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Accurate detection of pheromones is crucial for chemical communication and reproduction in insects. In holometabolous flies and moths, the sensory neuron membrane protein 1 (SNMP1) is essential for detecting long-chain aliphatic pheromones by olfactory neurons. However, its function in hemimetabolous insects and its role for detecting pheromones of a different chemical nature remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated the relevance of SNMP1 for pheromone detection in a hemimetabolous insect pest of considerable economic importance, the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, which moreover employs the aromatic pheromone phenylacetonitrile (PAN) to govern reproductive behaviors.
RESULTS: Employing CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing, a mutant locust line lacking functional SNMP1 was established. In electroantennography experiments and single sensillum recordings, we found significantly decreased electrical responses to PAN in SNMP1-deficient (SNMP1-/-) locusts. Moreover, calcium imaging in the antennal lobe of the brain revealed a substantially reduced activation of projection neurons in SNMP1-/- individuals upon exposure to PAN, indicating that the diminished antennal responsiveness to PAN in mutants affects pheromone-evoked neuronal activity in the brain. Furthermore, in behavioral experiments, PAN-induced effects on pairing and mate choice were altered in SNMP1-/- locusts.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the importance of SNMP1 for chemical communication in a hemimetabolous insect pest. Moreover, they show that SNMP1 plays a crucial role in pheromone detection that goes beyond long-chain aliphatic substances and includes aromatic compounds controlling reproductive behaviors.
RESULTS: Employing CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing, a mutant locust line lacking functional SNMP1 was established. In electroantennography experiments and single sensillum recordings, we found significantly decreased electrical responses to PAN in SNMP1-deficient (SNMP1-/-) locusts. Moreover, calcium imaging in the antennal lobe of the brain revealed a substantially reduced activation of projection neurons in SNMP1-/- individuals upon exposure to PAN, indicating that the diminished antennal responsiveness to PAN in mutants affects pheromone-evoked neuronal activity in the brain. Furthermore, in behavioral experiments, PAN-induced effects on pairing and mate choice were altered in SNMP1-/- locusts.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the importance of SNMP1 for chemical communication in a hemimetabolous insect pest. Moreover, they show that SNMP1 plays a crucial role in pheromone detection that goes beyond long-chain aliphatic substances and includes aromatic compounds controlling reproductive behaviors.
摘要：
背景：信息素的准确检测对于昆虫的化学通讯和繁殖至关重要。在全代谢的苍蝇和飞蛾中，感觉神经元膜蛋白1（SNMP1）对于嗅觉神经元检测长链脂肪族信息素至关重要。然而,它在半代谢昆虫中的功能及其在检测不同化学性质的信息素方面的作用仍然难以捉摸。因此,我们调查了SNMP1在具有相当经济意义的半代谢害虫中对信息素检测的相关性，沙漠蝗虫，此外，它还使用芳香族信息素苯基乙腈（PAN）来控制生殖行为。
结果：采用CRISPR/Cas介导的基因编辑，建立了缺乏功能SNMP1的突变蝗虫系。在触电描记术实验和单感记录中，我们发现SNMP1缺陷（SNMP1-/-）蝗虫对PAN的电反应显着降低。此外，大脑触角叶的钙成像显示，暴露于PAN后，SNMP1-/-个体的投射神经元的激活大大降低，表明突变体对PAN的触角反应性降低会影响大脑中信息素诱发的神经元活动。此外，在行为实验中，在SNMP1-/-蝗虫中，PAN对配对和配偶选择的诱导作用发生了变化。
结论：我们的发现强调了SNMP1在半代谢昆虫害虫中化学通讯的重要性。此外，他们表明，SNMP1在信息素检测中起着至关重要的作用，它超越了长链脂肪族物质，包括控制生殖行为的芳香族化合物。
结果：采用CRISPR/Cas介导的基因编辑，建立了缺乏功能SNMP1的突变蝗虫系。在触电描记术实验和单感记录中，我们发现SNMP1缺陷（SNMP1-/-）蝗虫对PAN的电反应显着降低。此外，大脑触角叶的钙成像显示，暴露于PAN后，SNMP1-/-个体的投射神经元的激活大大降低，表明突变体对PAN的触角反应性降低会影响大脑中信息素诱发的神经元活动。此外，在行为实验中，在SNMP1-/-蝗虫中，PAN对配对和配偶选择的诱导作用发生了变化。
结论：我们的发现强调了SNMP1在半代谢昆虫害虫中化学通讯的重要性。此外，他们表明，SNMP1在信息素检测中起着至关重要的作用，它超越了长链脂肪族物质，包括控制生殖行为的芳香族化合物。
