Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer (EC) possesses a high degree of malignancy and exhibits poor therapeutic outcomes and prognosis. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. With the development of macrogene sequencing technology, changes in the intestinal flora have been found to be highly related to the development of EC, although discrepancies and controversies remain in this research area.
METHODS: We comprehensively searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane\'s Central Controlled Trials Register and the Scientific Network\'s database search projects based on systematically reviewed preferred reporting projects and meta-analyses. We used Engauge Digitizer for data extraction and Stata 15.1 for data analysis. In addition, we used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for grade grading and forest and funnel plots, sensitivity, and Egger and Beggar tests to evaluate the risk of bias.
RESULTS: This study included 10 studies that assessed stool, tumor, and nontumor esophageal mucosa (gastroscopy and surgical resection) samples from 527 individuals, including 273 patients with EC and 254 healthy control group. We observed remarkable differences in microbial diversity in EC patients compared to healthy controls. The Chao1 index (46.01 vs. 42.67) was significantly increased in EC patients, whereas the Shannon index (14.90 vs. 19.05), ACE (39.24 vs. 58.47), and OTUs(28.93 vs. 70.10) were significantly lower. At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes (37.89 vs. 32.77) increased significantly, whereas that of Firmicutes (37.63 vs. 38.72) decreased significantly; the abundance of Clostridium and Verruciformis increased, while that of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria decreased to varying degrees. The abundance of Bacteroides (8.60 vs. 15.10) and Streptococcaceae (15.08 vs. 27.05) significantly reduced in EC.
CONCLUSIONS: According to our meta-analysis, in patients with EC, the Chao1 index increased, whereas the Shannon and the OTUs decreased. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes decreased significantly, whereas that of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria increased significantly. At the genus/family level, the abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Prevotellaceae and Streptococcaceae decreased significantly, whereas that of Veillonellaceae increased. This meta-analysis identified changes in gut microbiota in patients with EC; however, its conclusions were inconsistent.
METHODS: We comprehensively searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane\'s Central Controlled Trials Register and the Scientific Network\'s database search projects based on systematically reviewed preferred reporting projects and meta-analyses. We used Engauge Digitizer for data extraction and Stata 15.1 for data analysis. In addition, we used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for grade grading and forest and funnel plots, sensitivity, and Egger and Beggar tests to evaluate the risk of bias.
RESULTS: This study included 10 studies that assessed stool, tumor, and nontumor esophageal mucosa (gastroscopy and surgical resection) samples from 527 individuals, including 273 patients with EC and 254 healthy control group. We observed remarkable differences in microbial diversity in EC patients compared to healthy controls. The Chao1 index (46.01 vs. 42.67) was significantly increased in EC patients, whereas the Shannon index (14.90 vs. 19.05), ACE (39.24 vs. 58.47), and OTUs(28.93 vs. 70.10) were significantly lower. At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes (37.89 vs. 32.77) increased significantly, whereas that of Firmicutes (37.63 vs. 38.72) decreased significantly; the abundance of Clostridium and Verruciformis increased, while that of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria decreased to varying degrees. The abundance of Bacteroides (8.60 vs. 15.10) and Streptococcaceae (15.08 vs. 27.05) significantly reduced in EC.
CONCLUSIONS: According to our meta-analysis, in patients with EC, the Chao1 index increased, whereas the Shannon and the OTUs decreased. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes decreased significantly, whereas that of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria increased significantly. At the genus/family level, the abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Prevotellaceae and Streptococcaceae decreased significantly, whereas that of Veillonellaceae increased. This meta-analysis identified changes in gut microbiota in patients with EC; however, its conclusions were inconsistent.
摘要：
背景：食管癌（EC）恶性程度高，治疗效果和预后差。然而,其发病机制尚不清楚。随着巨基因测序技术的发展,已发现肠道菌群的变化与EC的发展高度相关，尽管在这个研究领域仍然存在差异和争议。
方法：我们全面搜索了PubMed，EMBASE,和Cochrane的中央控制试验注册和科学网络的数据库搜索项目基于系统审查的首选报告项目和荟萃分析。我们使用Engauge数字化仪进行数据提取，使用Stata15.1进行数据分析。此外,我们使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行等级分级以及森林和漏斗图，灵敏度,以及Egger和Beggar测试来评估偏差的风险。
结果：这项研究包括10项评估粪便的研究，肿瘤，和527个人的非肿瘤食管粘膜（胃镜和手术切除）样本，其中EC患者273例,健康对照组254例。与健康对照相比，我们观察到EC患者的微生物多样性存在显着差异。Chao1指数（46.01与42.67）在EC患者中显着增加，而香农指数(14.90vs.19.05),ACE（39.24vs.58.47),和OTU(28.93vs.70.10)均显著降低。在门一级，丰富的拟杆菌(37.89vs.32.77)显著增加，而Firmicutes(37.63vs.38.72)显著下降；梭状芽孢杆菌和疣状芽孢杆菌的丰度增加，而放线菌和变形菌则有不同程度的下降。拟杆菌的丰度（8.60vs.15.10）和链球菌科（15.08vs.27.05)在EC中显著降低。
结论：根据我们的荟萃分析，在EC患者中，Chao1指数上升，而香农和OTU减少。在门一级，Firmicutes的丰度显著下降，而拟杆菌和变形杆菌显著增加。在属/科一级，丰富的拟杆菌科，prevotellaceae和链球菌科显着减少，而韦洛内兰科的增加。这项荟萃分析确定了EC患者肠道菌群的变化；然而，它的结论是不一致的。
方法：我们全面搜索了PubMed，EMBASE,和Cochrane的中央控制试验注册和科学网络的数据库搜索项目基于系统审查的首选报告项目和荟萃分析。我们使用Engauge数字化仪进行数据提取，使用Stata15.1进行数据分析。此外,我们使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行等级分级以及森林和漏斗图，灵敏度,以及Egger和Beggar测试来评估偏差的风险。
结果：这项研究包括10项评估粪便的研究，肿瘤，和527个人的非肿瘤食管粘膜（胃镜和手术切除）样本，其中EC患者273例,健康对照组254例。与健康对照相比，我们观察到EC患者的微生物多样性存在显着差异。Chao1指数（46.01与42.67）在EC患者中显着增加，而香农指数(14.90vs.19.05),ACE（39.24vs.58.47),和OTU(28.93vs.70.10)均显著降低。在门一级，丰富的拟杆菌(37.89vs.32.77)显著增加，而Firmicutes(37.63vs.38.72)显著下降；梭状芽孢杆菌和疣状芽孢杆菌的丰度增加，而放线菌和变形菌则有不同程度的下降。拟杆菌的丰度（8.60vs.15.10）和链球菌科（15.08vs.27.05)在EC中显著降低。
结论：根据我们的荟萃分析，在EC患者中，Chao1指数上升，而香农和OTU减少。在门一级，Firmicutes的丰度显著下降，而拟杆菌和变形杆菌显著增加。在属/科一级，丰富的拟杆菌科，prevotellaceae和链球菌科显着减少，而韦洛内兰科的增加。这项荟萃分析确定了EC患者肠道菌群的变化；然而，它的结论是不一致的。
