Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Costa Rica is experiencing a fast demographic aging. Healthy diets may help to ameliorate the burden of aging-related conditions.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association of a traditional dietary pattern and 2 of its major components (beans and rice) with all-cause mortality among elderly Costa Ricans.
METHODS: The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES), a prospective cohort study of 2827 elderly Costa Ricans (60+ y at baseline), started in 2004. We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess usual diet. We calculated dietary patterns using principal component analysis. Multivariate energy-adjusted proportional-hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: Over a 15-y follow-up, encompassing 24,304 person-years, 1667 deaths occurred. The traditional Costa Rican dietary pattern was more frequent in rural parts of the country, and it was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Subjects in the fifth quintile of intake had 18% lower all-cause mortality than those in the first quintile (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98; P-trend = 0.01), particularly among males (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.95). Bean intake was associated with lower all-cause mortality among all subjects (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.91, highest compared with lowest tertile) and in sex-stratified analysis. Rice consumption was inversely associated with all-cause mortality solely among males (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.94, highest compared with lowest tertile).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a traditional Costa Rican rural dietary pattern is associated with lower all-cause mortality in elderly Costa Ricans. Beans, a major component of this traditional dietary pattern, was also associated with lower all-cause mortality. These findings could have important implications for public health, given the nutritional transition and the reduction of intake of traditional diets in Latin American countries.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association of a traditional dietary pattern and 2 of its major components (beans and rice) with all-cause mortality among elderly Costa Ricans.
METHODS: The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES), a prospective cohort study of 2827 elderly Costa Ricans (60+ y at baseline), started in 2004. We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess usual diet. We calculated dietary patterns using principal component analysis. Multivariate energy-adjusted proportional-hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: Over a 15-y follow-up, encompassing 24,304 person-years, 1667 deaths occurred. The traditional Costa Rican dietary pattern was more frequent in rural parts of the country, and it was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Subjects in the fifth quintile of intake had 18% lower all-cause mortality than those in the first quintile (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98; P-trend = 0.01), particularly among males (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.95). Bean intake was associated with lower all-cause mortality among all subjects (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.91, highest compared with lowest tertile) and in sex-stratified analysis. Rice consumption was inversely associated with all-cause mortality solely among males (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.94, highest compared with lowest tertile).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a traditional Costa Rican rural dietary pattern is associated with lower all-cause mortality in elderly Costa Ricans. Beans, a major component of this traditional dietary pattern, was also associated with lower all-cause mortality. These findings could have important implications for public health, given the nutritional transition and the reduction of intake of traditional diets in Latin American countries.
摘要：
背景：哥斯达黎加正在经历人口快速老龄化。健康饮食可能有助于减轻衰老相关疾病的负担。
目的：调查传统饮食模式及其两种主要成分（豆类和大米）与老年哥斯达黎加人全因死亡率的关系。
方法：哥斯达黎加长寿与健康老龄化研究（CRELES）是一项前瞻性队列研究，涉及2,827名哥斯达黎加老年人（基线为60岁以上），始于2004年。我们使用食物频率问卷（FFQ）来评估日常饮食。我们使用主成分分析(PCA)计算了膳食模式。使用多变量能量调整比例风险模型来估计风险比（HR）和95％置信区间（CI）。
结果：经过15年的随访，涵盖24,304人年，有1667人死亡。传统的哥斯达黎加饮食模式在该国农村地区更为常见，与全因死亡率呈负相关.与第1个五分之一的受试者相比，第5个五分之一的受试者的全因死亡率降低了18％（HR=0.82；95％CI=0.69，0.98；P趋势=0.01），尤其是男性（HR=0.73；95%CI=0.56，0.95）。豆类摄入量与所有受试者的全因死亡率较低相关（HR=0.79；95％CI=0.68，与最低三分位数相比最高0.91）和性别分层分析。仅在男性中，稻米消费量与全因死亡率呈负相关（HR=0.75；95％CI=0.60，与最低三分位数相比，最高为0.94）。
结论：我们的结果表明，传统的哥斯达黎加农村饮食模式与老年哥斯达黎加人的全因死亡率较低有关。豆子,这种传统饮食模式的主要组成部分，也与较低的全因死亡率有关。这些发现可能对公共卫生产生重要影响，考虑到拉丁美洲国家的营养转变和传统饮食摄入量的减少。
目的：调查传统饮食模式及其两种主要成分（豆类和大米）与老年哥斯达黎加人全因死亡率的关系。
方法：哥斯达黎加长寿与健康老龄化研究（CRELES）是一项前瞻性队列研究，涉及2,827名哥斯达黎加老年人（基线为60岁以上），始于2004年。我们使用食物频率问卷（FFQ）来评估日常饮食。我们使用主成分分析(PCA)计算了膳食模式。使用多变量能量调整比例风险模型来估计风险比（HR）和95％置信区间（CI）。
结果：经过15年的随访，涵盖24,304人年，有1667人死亡。传统的哥斯达黎加饮食模式在该国农村地区更为常见，与全因死亡率呈负相关.与第1个五分之一的受试者相比，第5个五分之一的受试者的全因死亡率降低了18％（HR=0.82；95％CI=0.69，0.98；P趋势=0.01），尤其是男性（HR=0.73；95%CI=0.56，0.95）。豆类摄入量与所有受试者的全因死亡率较低相关（HR=0.79；95％CI=0.68，与最低三分位数相比最高0.91）和性别分层分析。仅在男性中，稻米消费量与全因死亡率呈负相关（HR=0.75；95％CI=0.60，与最低三分位数相比，最高为0.94）。
结论：我们的结果表明，传统的哥斯达黎加农村饮食模式与老年哥斯达黎加人的全因死亡率较低有关。豆子,这种传统饮食模式的主要组成部分，也与较低的全因死亡率有关。这些发现可能对公共卫生产生重要影响，考虑到拉丁美洲国家的营养转变和传统饮食摄入量的减少。
