Abstract：
Longer-term pecan consumption has shown appetite-regulating effects as a part of a free-living diet, yet the physiologic appetite responses to a single pecan-containing meal are unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute physiologic, subjective, and direct appetite responses of a pecan-containing meal to an energy- and macronutrient-matched control meal. This was an acute meal challenge study utilizing a double-blinded randomized crossover design with two periods. Participants were young, healthy adults (BMI: 22.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2, age: 22 ± 3 y) who consumed a meal containing either 68 g of pecans (PEC; 795 kcal) or an energy- and macronutrient-matched control meal (CON; 794 kcal) on separate testing days. At both testing visits, five postprandial blood draws, and visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires (in-lab) were used to determine differences in peptide YY (PYY), ghrelin, and subjective appetite over a 4-h postprandial period. Participants also completed VAS questionnaires (at-home) and food records for the rest of the day after leaving the testing visits. Thirty-one out of thirty-two randomized participants completed the study. There was a greater overall postprandial PYY response (p < 0.001), and a greater suppression of postprandial ghrelin after time point 120 min (p < 0.001), with the PEC vs. CON meal. Further, there was a greater increase in subjective fullness (p = 0.001), and suppression of at-home overall appetite (p = 0.02), from time 240-780 min post-meal with PEC vs. CON meals. There were no differences in self-reported EI between meals or any other VAS measure. In conclusion, a pecan-containing breakfast shake produced more favorable physiologic and subjective improvements in appetite compared to an energy- and macronutrient-matched control meal. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05230212).
摘要：
作为自由生活饮食的一部分，长期食用山核桃显示出调节食欲的作用，然而，对单一含山核桃膳食的生理食欲反应尚不清楚。这项研究的目的是比较急性生理，主观,以及含山核桃的膳食对能量和大量营养素匹配的对照膳食的直接食欲反应。这是一项急性进餐挑战研究，采用两个周期的双盲随机交叉设计。参与者很年轻，健康成年人（BMI：22.9±3.3kg/m2，年龄：22±3y），在单独的测试日食用含有68g山核桃（PEC;795千卡）或能量和大量营养素匹配的对照餐（CON;794千卡）。在两次测试访问中，五次餐后抽血，和视觉模拟量表（VAS）问卷（实验室内）用于确定肽YY（PYY）的差异，ghrelin,以及餐后4小时的主观食欲。参与者还在离开测试访问后完成了当天剩余时间的VAS问卷（在家）和食物记录。32名随机参与者中有31名完成了研究。总体餐后PYY反应更大（p<0.001），时间点120分钟后，餐后生长素释放肽的抑制更大（p<0.001），与PECvs.CON餐。Further,主观饱满度有更大的增加(p=0.001)，和抑制在家的整体食欲（p=0.02），从用餐后240-780分钟与PECvs.CON进餐。在进餐或任何其他VAS测量之间，自我报告的EI没有差异。总之,与能量和大量营养素匹配的对照餐相比，含山核桃的早餐奶昔在食欲方面产生了更有利的生理和主观改善。该试验在clinicaltrials.gov(NCT05230212)注册。
