Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To describe how the knowledge from standard imaging practices can be translated into three-dimensional visualization techniques and utilized in the surgical planning and management of endometriosis.
METHODS: Tertiary care academic centre.
METHODS: Two case studies of patients with endometriosis are described.
METHODS: Transvaginal ultrasound (1), magnetic resonance imaging, three-dimensional printing (2), and three-dimensional virtual reality modeling (3) were utilized during patient workup and preparation. Three-dimensional modeling was performed by a virtual reality technician and verified for accuracy by a fellowship trained radiologist. Surgical management for endometriosis was performed.
CONCLUSIONS: While expert transvaginal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging suffice for the majority of cases, three-dimensional printing and virtual reality modeling are a novel adjunct to standard imaging modalities. Rendering two-dimensional images into a three-dimensional representation allows users to interact with the anatomy and is particularly useful when distorted by complex pathology. These techniques contributed to improved patient understanding and experience, and helped medical learners better grasp regular imaging techniques and its translation to pelvic anatomy. Last, it augmented surgeon comprehension of the relationship between the pelvic structures, allowing for enhanced surgical planning and intraoperative decision making. Further study is being performed to quantify these effects.
METHODS: Tertiary care academic centre.
METHODS: Two case studies of patients with endometriosis are described.
METHODS: Transvaginal ultrasound (1), magnetic resonance imaging, three-dimensional printing (2), and three-dimensional virtual reality modeling (3) were utilized during patient workup and preparation. Three-dimensional modeling was performed by a virtual reality technician and verified for accuracy by a fellowship trained radiologist. Surgical management for endometriosis was performed.
CONCLUSIONS: While expert transvaginal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging suffice for the majority of cases, three-dimensional printing and virtual reality modeling are a novel adjunct to standard imaging modalities. Rendering two-dimensional images into a three-dimensional representation allows users to interact with the anatomy and is particularly useful when distorted by complex pathology. These techniques contributed to improved patient understanding and experience, and helped medical learners better grasp regular imaging techniques and its translation to pelvic anatomy. Last, it augmented surgeon comprehension of the relationship between the pelvic structures, allowing for enhanced surgical planning and intraoperative decision making. Further study is being performed to quantify these effects.
摘要：
目的：描述如何将标准成像实践中的知识转化为三维可视化技术，并用于子宫内膜异位症的手术计划和治疗。
方法：三级护理学术中心。
方法：描述了两个子宫内膜异位症患者的病例研究。
方法：经阴道超声（1），磁共振成像，三维打印(2)，在患者检查和准备过程中使用了三维虚拟现实建模（3）。三维建模由虚拟现实技术人员执行，并由受过团契训练的放射科医生验证准确性。对子宫内膜异位症进行手术治疗。
结论：虽然专家经阴道超声和/或磁共振成像足以满足大多数情况，三维打印和虚拟现实建模是标准成像模式的新辅助。将二维图像渲染成三维表示允许用户与解剖结构交互,并且当被复杂病理扭曲时特别有用。这些技术有助于提高患者的理解和经验，并帮助医学学习者更好地掌握常规成像技术及其转化为骨盆解剖。最后,它增强了外科医生对骨盆结构之间关系的理解，允许加强手术计划和术中决策。正在进行进一步的研究以量化这些影响。
方法：三级护理学术中心。
方法：描述了两个子宫内膜异位症患者的病例研究。
方法：经阴道超声（1），磁共振成像，三维打印(2)，在患者检查和准备过程中使用了三维虚拟现实建模（3）。三维建模由虚拟现实技术人员执行，并由受过团契训练的放射科医生验证准确性。对子宫内膜异位症进行手术治疗。
结论：虽然专家经阴道超声和/或磁共振成像足以满足大多数情况，三维打印和虚拟现实建模是标准成像模式的新辅助。将二维图像渲染成三维表示允许用户与解剖结构交互,并且当被复杂病理扭曲时特别有用。这些技术有助于提高患者的理解和经验，并帮助医学学习者更好地掌握常规成像技术及其转化为骨盆解剖。最后,它增强了外科医生对骨盆结构之间关系的理解，允许加强手术计划和术中决策。正在进行进一步的研究以量化这些影响。
