Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This review of systematic reviews synthesised evidence on the impact of dietary interventions on anthropometric and biochemical measures associated with schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome. Secondly, an aim to identify intervention elements associated with greater dietary adherence and behaviour change.
METHODS: Five databases were searched from 2000-March 2023. Eligible reviews included adults, majority diagnosed with schizophrenia, dietary intervention components and at least one anthropometric or biochemical outcome related to metabolic syndrome. Two independent reviewers performed article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment.
RESULTS: Seven systematic reviews, consisting of 79 unique primary papers were included. No reviews exclusively examined dietary interventions. Nutrition education and counselling administered alongside physical activity were common. All reviews favoured intervention over the control to reduce body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference. Glycaemic control, blood pressure and triglycerides were not routinely reported with mixed effects following interventions. There was insufficient data to examine any trends for dropout rates, dietary adherence, and behaviour change. There was both low (n = 3/7) and high (n = 4/7) risk of bias and degree of study overlap was very high (16.4 %). The level of evidence was rated as suggestive (n = 2/7), weak (n = 2/7), non-significant (n = 1/7) and ungraded (n = 2/7).
CONCLUSIONS: Dietary interventions administered alongside lifestyle therapies can reduce anthropometric measurements for consumers living with schizophrenia and prescribed antipsychotic medications. Higher quality reviews with greater strength and credibility of evidence are required. Uniform reporting of intervention elements is also necessary for cross comparison of efficacious elements and synthesis of evidence at higher levels to advance dietetic practice and inform future policies.
METHODS: Five databases were searched from 2000-March 2023. Eligible reviews included adults, majority diagnosed with schizophrenia, dietary intervention components and at least one anthropometric or biochemical outcome related to metabolic syndrome. Two independent reviewers performed article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment.
RESULTS: Seven systematic reviews, consisting of 79 unique primary papers were included. No reviews exclusively examined dietary interventions. Nutrition education and counselling administered alongside physical activity were common. All reviews favoured intervention over the control to reduce body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference. Glycaemic control, blood pressure and triglycerides were not routinely reported with mixed effects following interventions. There was insufficient data to examine any trends for dropout rates, dietary adherence, and behaviour change. There was both low (n = 3/7) and high (n = 4/7) risk of bias and degree of study overlap was very high (16.4 %). The level of evidence was rated as suggestive (n = 2/7), weak (n = 2/7), non-significant (n = 1/7) and ungraded (n = 2/7).
CONCLUSIONS: Dietary interventions administered alongside lifestyle therapies can reduce anthropometric measurements for consumers living with schizophrenia and prescribed antipsychotic medications. Higher quality reviews with greater strength and credibility of evidence are required. Uniform reporting of intervention elements is also necessary for cross comparison of efficacious elements and synthesis of evidence at higher levels to advance dietetic practice and inform future policies.
摘要：
目的：这篇系统综述综合了饮食干预对精神分裂症和代谢综合征相关人体测量和生化指标影响的证据。其次,目的是确定与更大的饮食依从性和行为改变相关的干预因素。
方法：从2000年至2023年3月检索了5个数据库。合格的评论包括成年人，大多数被诊断为精神分裂症，饮食干预成分和至少一种与代谢综合征相关的人体测量或生化结果。两名独立审稿人进行了文章选择，数据提取,和质量评估。
结果：七项系统评价，包括79篇独特的主要论文。没有专门检查饮食干预的评论。与体育锻炼同时进行的营养教育和咨询很常见。所有评论都赞成干预而不是控制以减轻体重，身体质量指数,和腰围。血糖控制，在干预后,血压和甘油三酯没有出现混合效应的常规报告.没有足够的数据来检查辍学率的任何趋势，饮食依从性，和行为改变。存在低（n=3/7）和高（n=4/7）的偏倚风险，研究重叠程度非常高（16.4％）。证据水平被评为暗示性(n=2/7)，弱（n=2/7），无显著性(n=1/7)和未分级(n=2/7)。
结论：与生活方式疗法一起进行的饮食干预可以减少精神分裂症患者和处方抗精神病药物的人体测量。需要更高质量的评论，具有更大的证据强度和可信度。干预要素的统一报告对于有效要素的交叉比较和更高水平的证据综合也是必要的，以推进饮食实践并为未来的政策提供信息。
方法：从2000年至2023年3月检索了5个数据库。合格的评论包括成年人，大多数被诊断为精神分裂症，饮食干预成分和至少一种与代谢综合征相关的人体测量或生化结果。两名独立审稿人进行了文章选择，数据提取,和质量评估。
结果：七项系统评价，包括79篇独特的主要论文。没有专门检查饮食干预的评论。与体育锻炼同时进行的营养教育和咨询很常见。所有评论都赞成干预而不是控制以减轻体重，身体质量指数,和腰围。血糖控制，在干预后,血压和甘油三酯没有出现混合效应的常规报告.没有足够的数据来检查辍学率的任何趋势，饮食依从性，和行为改变。存在低（n=3/7）和高（n=4/7）的偏倚风险，研究重叠程度非常高（16.4％）。证据水平被评为暗示性(n=2/7)，弱（n=2/7），无显著性(n=1/7)和未分级(n=2/7)。
结论：与生活方式疗法一起进行的饮食干预可以减少精神分裂症患者和处方抗精神病药物的人体测量。需要更高质量的评论，具有更大的证据强度和可信度。干预要素的统一报告对于有效要素的交叉比较和更高水平的证据综合也是必要的，以推进饮食实践并为未来的政策提供信息。
