PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The escalating consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) among school-aged children in developing countries poses a significant threat to public health, contributing to the dual burden of malnutrition. In Malawi, where undernutrition coexists with a burgeoning obesity epidemic, understanding the determinants of UPF consumption and its impact on children\'s nutritional status is imperative. This study, conducted in Lilongwe, Malawi, aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption, sociodemographic factors and the nutritional status of school-aged children.
METHODS: 511 children aged 7-14 were recruited from 2 densely populated townships using systematic random sampling. Data on sociodemographic factors, UPF consumption and nutritional status were collected through face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements. UPF consumption was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire while multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyse associations.
RESULTS: Results revealed alarmingly high UPF consumption among children, particularly those high in sugar. Multinomial logistic regression identified significant predictors of malnutrition outcomes. Notably, children consuming UPFs more than three times a week were more likely to be malnourished. Overweight status was positively associated with sausage intake (β=0.226, adjusted OR 1.254, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.566, p=0.046) and age (β=0.020, adjusted OR=0.257, 95% CI 0.156 to 0.28, p=0.003). Conversely, underweight status was linked with residential location (β=4.507, adjusted OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.281, p=0.006) and fizzy drinks (β=1.071, adjusted OR 2.919, 95% CI 1.413 to 6.028, p=0.004).
CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of UPF consumption among school-aged children is significantly associated with malnutrition. Moreover, sociodemographic factors influence UPF consumption, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to reduce malnutrition. These findings may inform public health policies to mitigate malnutrition among children in Malawi\'s urban communities.
METHODS: 511 children aged 7-14 were recruited from 2 densely populated townships using systematic random sampling. Data on sociodemographic factors, UPF consumption and nutritional status were collected through face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements. UPF consumption was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire while multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyse associations.
RESULTS: Results revealed alarmingly high UPF consumption among children, particularly those high in sugar. Multinomial logistic regression identified significant predictors of malnutrition outcomes. Notably, children consuming UPFs more than three times a week were more likely to be malnourished. Overweight status was positively associated with sausage intake (β=0.226, adjusted OR 1.254, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.566, p=0.046) and age (β=0.020, adjusted OR=0.257, 95% CI 0.156 to 0.28, p=0.003). Conversely, underweight status was linked with residential location (β=4.507, adjusted OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.281, p=0.006) and fizzy drinks (β=1.071, adjusted OR 2.919, 95% CI 1.413 to 6.028, p=0.004).
CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of UPF consumption among school-aged children is significantly associated with malnutrition. Moreover, sociodemographic factors influence UPF consumption, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to reduce malnutrition. These findings may inform public health policies to mitigate malnutrition among children in Malawi\'s urban communities.
摘要：
背景：发展中国家学龄儿童对超加工食品（UPFs）的消费升级对公共卫生构成了重大威胁，造成营养不良的双重负担。在马拉维,营养不良与迅速发展的肥胖病流行并存，了解UPF消费的决定因素及其对儿童营养状况的影响是当务之急。这项研究,在利隆圭进行，马拉维,旨在调查UPF消耗之间的关联，社会人口统计学因素和学龄儿童的营养状况。
方法：采用系统随机抽样方法，从2个人口稠密的乡镇招募了511名7-14岁的儿童。关于社会人口因素的数据，通过面对面访谈和人体测量收集UPF的消费量和营养状况。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估UPF消耗，同时采用多项逻辑回归分析关联。
结果：结果显示，儿童UPF消费量高得惊人，特别是那些含糖量高的。多项逻辑回归确定了营养不良结局的重要预测因素。值得注意的是,每周服用UPFs超过3次的儿童更有可能营养不良.超重状态与香肠摄入量（β=0.226，调整OR1.254，95％CI1.004至1.566，p=0.046）和年龄（β=0.020，调整OR=0.257，95％CI0.156至0.28，p=0.003）呈正相关。相反，体重不足状态与居住地点(β=4.507，调整后OR0.01，95%CI0.000至0.281，p=0.006)和碳酸饮料(β=1.071，调整后OR2.919，95%CI1.413至6.028，p=0.004)相关。
结论：学龄儿童UPF消费的高患病率与营养不良显著相关。此外，社会人口因素影响UPF消费，强调需要采取有针对性的干预措施来减少营养不良。这些发现可能为公共卫生政策提供信息，以减轻马拉维城市社区儿童的营养不良。
方法：采用系统随机抽样方法，从2个人口稠密的乡镇招募了511名7-14岁的儿童。关于社会人口因素的数据，通过面对面访谈和人体测量收集UPF的消费量和营养状况。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估UPF消耗，同时采用多项逻辑回归分析关联。
结果：结果显示，儿童UPF消费量高得惊人，特别是那些含糖量高的。多项逻辑回归确定了营养不良结局的重要预测因素。值得注意的是,每周服用UPFs超过3次的儿童更有可能营养不良.超重状态与香肠摄入量（β=0.226，调整OR1.254，95％CI1.004至1.566，p=0.046）和年龄（β=0.020，调整OR=0.257，95％CI0.156至0.28，p=0.003）呈正相关。相反，体重不足状态与居住地点(β=4.507，调整后OR0.01，95%CI0.000至0.281，p=0.006)和碳酸饮料(β=1.071，调整后OR2.919，95%CI1.413至6.028，p=0.004)相关。
结论：学龄儿童UPF消费的高患病率与营养不良显著相关。此外，社会人口因素影响UPF消费，强调需要采取有针对性的干预措施来减少营养不良。这些发现可能为公共卫生政策提供信息，以减轻马拉维城市社区儿童的营养不良。
