Abstract：
Object recognition often involves the brain segregating objects from their surroundings. Neurophysiological studies of figure-ground texture segregation have yielded inconsistent results, particularly on whether V1 neurons can perform figure-ground texture segregation or just detect texture borders. To address this issue from a population perspective, we utilized two-photon calcium imaging to simultaneously record the responses of large samples of V1 and V4 neurons to figure-ground texture stimuli in awake, fixating macaques. The average response changes indicate that V1 neurons mainly detect texture borders, while V4 neurons are involved in figure-ground segregation. However, population analysis (SVM decoding of PCA-transformed neuronal responses) reveal that V1 neurons not only detect figure-ground borders, but also contribute to figure-ground texture segregation, although requiring substantially more principal components than V4 neurons to reach a 75 % decoding accuracy. Individually, V1/V4 neurons showing larger (negative/positive) figure-ground response differences contribute more to figure-ground segregation. But for V1 neurons, the contribution becomes significant only when many principal components are considered. We conclude that V1 neurons participate in figure-ground segregation primarily by defining the figure borders, and the poorly structured figure-ground information V1 neurons carry could be further utilized by V4 neurons to accomplish figure-ground segregation.
摘要：
目的：识别通常涉及大脑将物体与周围环境隔离。图形-地面纹理分离的神经生理学研究产生了不一致的结果，特别是V1神经元是否可以执行图形-地面纹理分离或仅检测纹理边界。为了从人口角度解决这个问题，我们利用双光子钙成像来同时记录大量V1和V4神经元样本在清醒时对图形纹理刺激的反应，固定猕猴.平均响应变化表明V1神经元主要检测纹理边界，而V4神经元参与图形-地面隔离。然而,总体分析（PCA转换的神经元反应的SVM解码）表明，V1神经元不仅可以检测图形-地面边界，但也有助于图-地面纹理分离，尽管需要比V4神经元更多的主成分才能达到75％的解码精度。个别地,V1/V4神经元显示更大的（负/正）图形-地面响应差异对图形-地面隔离的贡献更大。但是对于V1神经元，只有当考虑到许多主成分时，贡献才变得显著。我们得出的结论是，V1神经元主要通过定义图形边界来参与图形-地面隔离，V4神经元可以进一步利用它们携带的结构不良的图形-地面信息来完成图形-地面隔离。
