Abstract：
Assessing the risk of human pathogens in the environment is crucial for controlling the spread of diseases and safeguarding human health. However, conducting a thorough assessment of low-abundance pathogens in highly complex environmental microbial communities remains challenging. This study compiled a comprehensive catalog of 247 human-pathogenic bacterial taxa from global biosafety agencies and identified more than 78 million genome-specific markers (GSMs) from their 17,470 sequenced genomes. Subsequently, we analyzed these pathogens\' types, abundance, and diversity within 474 shotgun metagenomic sequences obtained from diverse environmental sources. The results revealed that among the four habitats studied (air, water, soil, and sediment), the detection rate, diversity, and abundance of detectable pathogens in the air all exceeded those in the other three habitats. Air, sediment, and water environments exhibited identical dominant taxa, indicating that these human pathogens may have unique environmental vectors for their transmission or survival. Furthermore, we observed the impact of human activities on the environmental risk posed by these pathogens, where greater amounts of human activities significantly increased the abundance of human pathogenic bacteria, especially in water and air. These findings have remarkable implications for the environmental risk assessment of human pathogens, providing valuable insights into their presence and distribution across different habitats.
摘要：
评估人类病原体在环境中的风险对于控制疾病传播和维护人类健康至关重要。然而,对高度复杂的环境微生物群落中的低丰度病原体进行全面评估仍然具有挑战性。这项研究汇编了来自全球生物安全机构的247个人类致病性细菌分类群的综合目录，并从其17,470个测序基因组中确定了超过7800万个基因组特异性标记（GSM）。随后，我们分析了这些病原体类型，丰度,以及从不同环境来源获得的474个鸟枪宏基因组序列中的多样性。结果表明，在所研究的四个栖息地中(空气，水,土壤,和沉积物)，检测率，多样性,空气中可检测到的病原体的丰度都超过了其他三个栖息地。空气,沉积物,水环境表现出相同的优势类群，这表明这些人类病原体可能具有独特的环境载体来传播或生存。此外，我们观察到人类活动对这些病原体造成的环境风险的影响，大量的人类活动显著增加了人类致病菌的丰度，尤其是在水和空气中。这些发现对人类病原体的环境风险评估具有重要意义。为它们在不同栖息地的存在和分布提供有价值的见解。
