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Abstract：
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a highly prevalent infection that can affect individuals of all ages, posing a significant risk to global health in terms of both morbidity and mortality. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria adds to the complexity of this public health issue. There is limited data on the current study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the bacterial profiles, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and associated factors of UTIs among symptomatic university students at Haramaya University, Eastern Ethiopia from May 10 to June 15, 2021. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 281 Haramaya University students. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Ten to 15 mL of midstream urine samples were collected aseptically from patients. Standard microbiological techniques were used for bacterial identifications and drug susceptibility testing. The association between dependent and independent variables was determined by the logistics regression model. Variables with a P-value of <.05 were considered statistically significant. The overall prevalence of UTI among university students was 18.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.5-23.1). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (33.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (29.4%). Gram-negative bacteria demonstrated high resistance against ceftazidime (100%), penicillin (96%), ampicillin (92%), and tetracycline (71%). Similarly, gram-positive bacteria exhibited significant resistance to ceftazidime (100%) and ampicillin (81%). Multidrug-resistant isolates constituted an overall prevalence of 35 (68.6%) (95% CI: 63.6-73.6). Furthermore, year of study (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.23-5.76), history of UTI (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.10-6.00), and sexual activity (AOR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.02-0.39) were identified as factors. In this study, university students exhibited a higher prevalence of UTI compared to previous studies conducted in Africa. The most commonly identified bacteria causing UTIs were E coli, followed by S epidermidis. Factors such as the year of the study, presence of flank pain, history of previous UTIs, and frequency of sexual activity were found to be associated with UTIs. All the isolates have acquired resistance to the majority of commonly prescribed antibiotics. It is crucial to regularly monitor UTIs and the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among university students.
摘要：
尿路感染（UTI）是一种非常普遍的感染，可以影响所有年龄段的人，在发病率和死亡率方面对全球健康构成重大风险。多重耐药细菌的出现增加了这一公共卫生问题的复杂性。目前研究领域的数据有限。因此,这项研究旨在确定细菌分布，抗生素敏感性模式，Haramaya大学有症状大学生尿路感染的相关因素，埃塞俄比亚东部从2021年5月10日至6月15日。对281名Haramaya大学学生进行了横断面研究。使用系统随机抽样技术选择研究参与者。使用自我管理问卷收集数据。从患者无菌收集10至15mL中游尿液样品。标准微生物学技术用于细菌鉴定和药物敏感性测试。因变量和自变量之间的关联由物流回归模型确定。P值<.05的变量被认为具有统计学显著性。大学生中UTI的总体患病率为18.1％（95％置信区间[CI]：13.5-23.1）。最常见的细菌是大肠杆菌（33.3％）和表皮葡萄球菌（29.4％）。革兰氏阴性菌对头孢他啶表现出高耐药性（100％），青霉素（96%），氨苄青霉素（92%），和四环素(71%)。同样，革兰阳性菌对头孢他啶（100％）和氨苄西林（81％）表现出明显的耐药性。多重耐药分离株的总体患病率为35（68.6％）（95％CI：63.6-73.6）。此外，研究年份(调整后比值比[AOR]=2.66；95%CI：1.23-5.76)，尿路感染病史(AOR=2.57；95%CI：1.10-6.00)，和性活动(AOR=0.08;95%CI:0.02-0.39)被确定为因素。在这项研究中,与以前在非洲进行的研究相比，大学生的UTI患病率更高。引起尿路感染的最常见细菌是大肠杆菌，其次是表皮S。研究年份等因素，侧腹疼痛的存在，以前UTI的历史，发现性活动的频率与UTI相关。所有的分离株都获得了对大多数常用抗生素的耐药性。在大学生中定期监测UTI和抗生素抗性细菌的增殖至关重要。
