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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Assessing the burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is crucial for informing evidence-based healthcare practices, prevention strategies, and resource allocation planning.
METHODS: The burden of IHD attributable to SHS from 1990 to 2019 was assessed using the comparative risk assessment method as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019.
RESULTS: Globally, the absolute number of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from IHD due to SHS increased substantially from 270.0 thousand and 6971.3 thousand in 1990 to 397.4 thousand and 9566.1 thousand in 2019. The corresponding age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) were both in a decreasing trend with estimate of the annual percentage change (EAPC) of -1.38 (-1.42 - -1.34) and -1.43 (-1.47 - -1.38). Central Asia has the highest ASMR (16 per 100000, 95% uncertainty interval, UI: 12.8-19.4), and Oceania has the highest ASDR (323.2 per 100000, 95% UI: 228.9-443.1 per 100000) in 2019. All sociodemographic index (SDI) category regions showed a decreasing trend in ASMR and ASDR, with the decrease being more obvious in high and high-middle SDI regions. Our analysis identified an escalating trend concerning ASMR and ASDR in Oceania from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the most significant number of deaths and DALYs occurred in the age group of 80-84 years (5.4 thousand, 95% UI: 3.7-7.3 in thousands) and the age group of 55-59 years (1140.8 thousand, 95% UI: 876.1-1435 in thousands).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals an absolute global increase in deaths and DALYs from IHD due to SHS from 1990 to 2019. Despite a declining trend in ASMR and ASDR, regional disparities persist. The elderly and middle-aged populations bore the most significant burden. These findings highlight the ongoing global health impact of SHS on IHD and emphasize the need for targeted interventions in regions with rising trends and vulnerable age groups.
METHODS: The burden of IHD attributable to SHS from 1990 to 2019 was assessed using the comparative risk assessment method as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019.
RESULTS: Globally, the absolute number of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from IHD due to SHS increased substantially from 270.0 thousand and 6971.3 thousand in 1990 to 397.4 thousand and 9566.1 thousand in 2019. The corresponding age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) were both in a decreasing trend with estimate of the annual percentage change (EAPC) of -1.38 (-1.42 - -1.34) and -1.43 (-1.47 - -1.38). Central Asia has the highest ASMR (16 per 100000, 95% uncertainty interval, UI: 12.8-19.4), and Oceania has the highest ASDR (323.2 per 100000, 95% UI: 228.9-443.1 per 100000) in 2019. All sociodemographic index (SDI) category regions showed a decreasing trend in ASMR and ASDR, with the decrease being more obvious in high and high-middle SDI regions. Our analysis identified an escalating trend concerning ASMR and ASDR in Oceania from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the most significant number of deaths and DALYs occurred in the age group of 80-84 years (5.4 thousand, 95% UI: 3.7-7.3 in thousands) and the age group of 55-59 years (1140.8 thousand, 95% UI: 876.1-1435 in thousands).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals an absolute global increase in deaths and DALYs from IHD due to SHS from 1990 to 2019. Despite a declining trend in ASMR and ASDR, regional disparities persist. The elderly and middle-aged populations bore the most significant burden. These findings highlight the ongoing global health impact of SHS on IHD and emphasize the need for targeted interventions in regions with rising trends and vulnerable age groups.
摘要：
背景：评估暴露于二手烟（SHS）引起的缺血性心脏病（IHD）的负担对于告知循证医疗实践至关重要，预防策略,和资源分配规划。
方法：使用比较风险评估方法评估了1990年至2019年归因于SHS的IHD负担，作为2019年全球疾病负担（GBD）研究的一部分。
结果：全球，由于SHS导致的IHD的死亡和残疾调整寿命年(DALYs)的绝对数量大幅增加,从1990年的270.0万和6971.3万增至2019年的397.4万和9566.1万.相应的年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）和年龄标准化DALYs率（ASDR）均呈下降趋势，估计年变化百分比（EAPC）为-1.38（-1.42--1.34）和-1.43（-1.47-1.38）。中亚的ASMR最高(每100000中有16个，95%的不确定区间，UI：12.8-19.4），2019年，大洋洲的ASDR最高（323.2/100000，95%UI：228.9-443.1/100000）。所有社会人口统计学指数(SDI)类别区域在ASMR和ASDR中都呈现下降趋势,在高和中高SDI地区，下降更为明显。我们的分析确定了1990年至2019年大洋洲ASMR和ASDR的升级趋势。2019年，死亡人数和DALYs最显著的是80-84岁年龄组（5.4万，95％UI：万中3.7-7.3）和55-59岁的年龄组（1140.8万，95%UI：876.1-1435千分之一）。
结论：我们的研究表明，从1990年到2019年，由于SHS导致的IHD死亡和DALYs的全球绝对增加。尽管ASMR和ASDR呈下降趋势，地区差距依然存在。老年人和中年人承受的负担最大。这些发现强调了SHS对IHD的持续全球健康影响，并强调需要在趋势上升和脆弱年龄组的地区采取有针对性的干预措施。
方法：使用比较风险评估方法评估了1990年至2019年归因于SHS的IHD负担，作为2019年全球疾病负担（GBD）研究的一部分。
结果：全球，由于SHS导致的IHD的死亡和残疾调整寿命年(DALYs)的绝对数量大幅增加,从1990年的270.0万和6971.3万增至2019年的397.4万和9566.1万.相应的年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）和年龄标准化DALYs率（ASDR）均呈下降趋势，估计年变化百分比（EAPC）为-1.38（-1.42--1.34）和-1.43（-1.47-1.38）。中亚的ASMR最高(每100000中有16个，95%的不确定区间，UI：12.8-19.4），2019年，大洋洲的ASDR最高（323.2/100000，95%UI：228.9-443.1/100000）。所有社会人口统计学指数(SDI)类别区域在ASMR和ASDR中都呈现下降趋势,在高和中高SDI地区，下降更为明显。我们的分析确定了1990年至2019年大洋洲ASMR和ASDR的升级趋势。2019年，死亡人数和DALYs最显著的是80-84岁年龄组（5.4万，95％UI：万中3.7-7.3）和55-59岁的年龄组（1140.8万，95%UI：876.1-1435千分之一）。
结论：我们的研究表明，从1990年到2019年，由于SHS导致的IHD死亡和DALYs的全球绝对增加。尽管ASMR和ASDR呈下降趋势，地区差距依然存在。老年人和中年人承受的负担最大。这些发现强调了SHS对IHD的持续全球健康影响，并强调需要在趋势上升和脆弱年龄组的地区采取有针对性的干预措施。
