Abstract：
With the development of industrialization and urbanization, heavy metal (HM) pollution has become an urgent problem in many countries. The use of microorganisms to control HM pollution has attracted the attention of many scholars due to its advantages of mild conditions, low process cost, and no secondary pollution. In this context, this review aimed to compile recent advances on the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as HMs biosorbents. As a food-safe class of probiotic, LAB can not only be used for HM remediation in soil and wastewater, but most importantly, can be used for metal removal in food. The extracellular adsorption and intracellular accumulation are the main mechanisms of HM removal by LAB. Lactic acid (LA) fermentation is also one of the removal mechanisms, especially in the food industry. The pH, temperature, biomass, ion concentration and adsorption time are the essential parameters to be considered during the bioremediation. Although the LAB remediation is feasible in theory and lab-scale experiments, it is limited in practical applications due to its low efficiency. Therefore, the commonly used methods to improve the adsorption efficiency of LAB, including pretreatment and mixed-cultivation, are also summarized in this review. Finally, based on the review of literature, this paper presents the emerging strategies to overcome the low adsorption capacity of LAB. This review proposes the future investigations required for this field, and provides theoretical support for the practical application of LAB bioremediation of HMs.
摘要：
随着工业化和城市化的发展,重金属污染已成为许多国家亟待解决的问题。利用微生物控制HM污染由于其条件温和的优点,引起了众多学者的关注,工艺成本低,无二次污染。在这种情况下，这篇综述旨在汇编有关乳酸菌（LAB）作为HMs生物吸附剂潜力的最新进展。作为一种食品安全的益生菌，LAB不仅可以用于土壤和废水中的HM修复，但最重要的是,可用于食品中的金属去除。细胞外吸附和细胞内积累是LAB去除HM的主要机制。乳酸(LA)发酵也是其去除机制之一,尤其是在食品行业。pH值,温度,生物量，离子浓度和吸附时间是生物修复过程中需要考虑的基本参数。尽管实验室修复在理论和实验室规模的实验中是可行的，由于效率低，在实际应用中受到限制。因此,提高LAB吸附效率的常用方法,包括预处理和混合种植，在这篇综述中也进行了总结。最后,在文献综述的基础上，本文提出了克服LAB低吸附能力的新兴策略。这项审查提出了该领域未来所需的调查，为LAB生物修复HMs的实际应用提供了理论支持。
