Abstract：
With the advent of transcriptomic techniques involving single-stranded RNA sequencing and chromatin isolation by RNA purification-based sequencing, transcriptomic studies of coding and non-coding RNAs have been executed efficiently. These studies acknowledged the role of non-coding RNAs in modulating gene expression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a kind of non-coding RNAs having lengths of >200 nucleotides, playing numerous roles in plant developmental processes such as photomorphogenesis, epigenetic changes, reproductive tissue development, and in regulating biotic and abiotic stresses. Epigenetic changes further control gene expression by changing their state to \"ON-OFF\" and also regulate stress memory and its transgenerational inheritance. With well-established regulatory mechanisms, they act as guides, scaffolds, signals, and decoys to modulate gene expression. They act as a major operator of post-transcriptional modifications such as histone and epigenetic modifications, and DNA methylations. The review elaborates on the roles of lncRNAs in plant immunity and also discusses how epigenetic markers alter gene expression in response to pest/pathogen attack and influences chromatin-associated stress memory as well as transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic imprints in plants. The review further summarizes some research studies on how histone modifications and DNA methylations resist pathogenic and pest attacks by activating defense-related genes.
摘要：
随着转录组技术的出现，包括单链RNA测序和基于RNA纯化的测序染色质分离，编码和非编码RNA的转录组学研究已经有效地进行。这些研究承认非编码RNA在调节基因表达中的作用。长链非编码RNA(lncRNAs)是一类长度>200个核苷酸的非编码RNA,在植物发育过程中扮演着许多角色，如光形态发生，表观遗传变化,生殖组织发育，以及调节生物和非生物胁迫。表观遗传变化通过将其状态更改为“ON-OFF”来进一步控制基因表达，并调节应激记忆及其跨代遗传。有了完善的监管机制，他们充当向导，脚手架,信号,和诱饵来调节基因表达。它们是转录后修饰的主要操纵者，如组蛋白和表观遗传修饰，和DNA甲基化。这篇综述阐述了lncRNAs在植物免疫中的作用，并讨论了表观遗传标记如何改变基因表达以响应害虫/病原体的攻击，并影响植物中染色质相关的应激记忆以及表观遗传印记的跨代遗传。该综述进一步总结了一些关于组蛋白修饰和DNA甲基化如何通过激活防御相关基因来抵抗病原和害虫攻击的研究。
