Abstract：
Composting additives can significantly enhance green waste (GW) composting. However, their effectiveness is limited due to the short action duration of a single-period addition. Therefore, this study proposes that multi-period additive modes to prolong the action duration, expedite lignocellulose degradation, reduce composting time, and enhance product quality. This study conducted six treatments (T1-T6), introducing a compound additive (BLP) during the mesophilic (MP) and cooling periods (CP). Each treatment consistently maintained 25% total BLP addition of GW dry weight, with variations only in the BLP distribution in different periods. The composition of BLP consists of Wbiochar: Wlactic acid: Wpond sediment in a ratio of 10:1:40. Specifically, T1 added 25% BLP in CP, T2 added 5% in MP and 20% in CP, T3 added 10% in MP and 15% in CP, T4 added 15% in MP and 10% in CP, T5 added 20% in MP and 5% in CP, and T6 added 25% in MP. In this study, composting temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, total porosity, the contents of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and nutrient, scanning electron microscopy images, germination index, and the successions of different bacteria and fungi at the phylum and genus levels were detailed. Results showed T4 achieved two thermophilic periods and matured in just 25 days. T4 enhanced lignocellulose degradation rates (lignin: 16-53%, cellulose: 14-23%, hemicellulose: 9-48%) and improved nutrient content. The above results, combined with correlation analysis and structural equation model, indicated that T4 may promote the development of dominant bacteria (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes) by regulating compost physicochemical properties and facilitate the growth of dominant fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) by modulating nutrient supply capacity. This ultimately leads to a microbial community structure more conducive to lignocellulose degradation and nutrient preservation. In summary, this study reveals the comprehensive effects of single-period and multi-period addition methods on GW composting, providing a valuable basis for optimizing the use of additives and enhancing the efficiency and quality of GW composting.
摘要：
堆肥添加剂可以显著增进绿色废物(GW)堆肥。然而,由于单期添加的作用持续时间短，其有效性有限。因此,这项研究提出了多周期相加模式来延长作用持续时间，加速木质纤维素降解，减少堆肥时间，提高产品质量。这项研究进行了六个处理（T1-T6），在嗜温期(MP)和冷却期(CP)期间引入复合添加剂(BLP)。每种处理始终如一地保持了GW干重的25%总BLP添加量，仅在不同时期的BLP分布发生变化。BLP的组成由Wbiochar：Wlactic：Wpond沉积物组成，比例为10：1：40。具体来说,T1在CP中添加了25%的BLP，T2在MP中添加了5%，在CP中添加了20%，T3在MP中添加了10%，在CP中添加了15%，T4在MP中增加了15%，在CP中增加了10%，T5在MP中添加了20%，在CP中添加了5%，和T6在MP中添加25%。在这项研究中,堆肥温度,pH值,电导率，总孔隙度,木质素的含量，纤维素,半纤维素,和营养，扫描电子显微镜图像，发芽指数,并详细介绍了不同细菌和真菌在门和属水平上的演替。结果表明，T4达到了两个嗜热期，并在短短25天内成熟。T4增强了木质纤维素的降解率（木质素：16-53％，纤维素：14-23%，半纤维素：9-48％）和改善的营养成分。上述结果,结合相关性分析和结构方程模型，表明T4可能促进优势细菌(变形杆菌，Firmicutes,放线菌,拟杆菌）通过调节堆肥的理化性质，并通过调节养分供应能力来促进优势真菌（子囊菌和担子菌）的生长。这最终导致更有利于木质纤维素降解和营养保存的微生物群落结构。总之,本研究揭示了单期和多期添加方法对GW堆肥的综合影响，为优化添加剂的使用和提高GW堆肥的效率和质量提供了有价值的依据。
