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Abstract：
In this research, an innovative protocol is introduced to address crucial deficiencies in the formulation of chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs). While NPs show potential in drug delivery systems (DDSs), their application in the clinic is hindered by various drawbacks, such as toxicity, high material costs, and time-consuming and challenging preparation procedures. Within polymer-based NPs, Cs is a plentiful natural substance derived from the deacetylation of chitin, which can be sourced from the shells of shrimp or crab. Cs NPs can be formulated using the ionic gelation technique, which involves the use of a negatively charged agent, such as tripolyphosphate (TPP), as a crosslinking agent. Even though Cs is a cost-effective and biocompatible material, the formulation of Cs NPs with the correct size and surface electrical charge (zeta potential) presents a persistent challenge. In this study, various techniques were employed to analyze the prepared Cs NPs. The size and surface charge of the NPs were evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Morphological analysis was conducted using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The chemical composition and formation of Cs NPs were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The stability analysis was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Lastly, the biocompatibility of the NPs was assessed through cell cytotoxicity evaluation using the MTT assay. Moreover, here, 11 formulations with different parameters such as reaction pH, Cs:TPP ratio, type of Cs/TPP, and ultrasonication procedure were prepared. Formulation 11 was chosen as the optimized formulation based on its high stability of more than three months, biocompatibility, nanosize of 75.6 ± 18.24 nm, and zeta potential of +26.7 mV. To conclude, the method described here is easy and reproducible and can be used for facile preparation of Cs NPs with desirable physicochemical characteristics and engineering ideal platforms for drug delivery purposes.
摘要：
在这项研究中,引入了一种创新的方案来解决壳聚糖纳米颗粒（CsNP）配方中的关键缺陷。虽然NP在药物递送系统(DDS)中显示出潜力，它们在临床上的应用受到各种缺点的阻碍，如毒性，材料成本高，以及耗时且具有挑战性的准备程序。在基于聚合物的NP内，Cs是源自几丁质脱乙酰的丰富天然物质，可以从虾或蟹的壳中获取。CsNP可以使用离子凝胶化技术配制，其中包括使用带负电荷的试剂，如三聚磷酸盐(TPP)，作为交联剂。尽管Cs是一种具有成本效益和生物相容性的材料，具有正确尺寸和表面电荷（ζ电位）的CsNP的配方提出了持续的挑战。在这项研究中,采用各种技术分析制备的CsNP。使用动态光散射(DLS)评估NP的尺寸和表面电荷。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）进行形态分析。使用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）研究了CsNP的化学组成和形成。通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析证实了稳定性分析。最后,通过使用MTT测定的细胞毒性评估来评估NP的生物相容性。此外，在这里，11种具有不同参数的制剂，例如反应pH值，Cs:TPP比率,Cs/TPP类型，并准备超声处理程序。基于其三个月以上的高稳定性，选择配方11作为优化配方。生物相容性，75.6±18.24nm的纳米尺寸，和+26.7mV的zeta电位。最后，本文描述的方法简单且可重复，可用于轻松制备具有理想理化特性的CsNP，并为药物递送目的设计理想的平台。
