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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of research examining the couple characteristics in determining contractive utilization behavior in developing countries. This study fills the gap by analyzing the roles of women\'s intra-household bargaining power and spousal age differentials in predicting contraceptive utilization behavior in Pakistani women.
METHODS: A sample of 13,331, excluding pregnant and sexually inactive married women aged 15-49, was extracted from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18. The dataset is cross-sectional. Exploratory analysis was used to examine the pattern of contraceptive knowledge, types of contraceptive utilization, and intention to use contraceptives among women. Furthermore, binary regressions were employed to examine the association of women\'s intrahousehold bargaining power and spousal age difference with contraceptive utilization without and after accounting for all potential covariates.
RESULTS: Only 33% of women use contraceptives, while 30% express an intention to use contraceptives in the future. Almost all women (98%) knew about modern contraceptives. Compared to same-age couples, higher odds of current contraceptive use are observed among women whose husbands are at least 20 years older than them or whose husbands are young to them. The odds of the intention to use contraceptives tend to increase with the increase in spousal age difference. Women\'s intra-household bargaining is a significant predictor of current contraceptive utilization and intention to use contraceptives.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore the importance of considering the couple\'s characteristics in reproductive healthcare programming and policies.
CONCLUSIONS: Greater women\'s intra-household bargaining power and smaller spousal age differences are associated with higher contraceptive usage. Empowering women and promoting their decision-making authority within households can enhance reproductive health outcomes.
METHODS: A sample of 13,331, excluding pregnant and sexually inactive married women aged 15-49, was extracted from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18. The dataset is cross-sectional. Exploratory analysis was used to examine the pattern of contraceptive knowledge, types of contraceptive utilization, and intention to use contraceptives among women. Furthermore, binary regressions were employed to examine the association of women\'s intrahousehold bargaining power and spousal age difference with contraceptive utilization without and after accounting for all potential covariates.
RESULTS: Only 33% of women use contraceptives, while 30% express an intention to use contraceptives in the future. Almost all women (98%) knew about modern contraceptives. Compared to same-age couples, higher odds of current contraceptive use are observed among women whose husbands are at least 20 years older than them or whose husbands are young to them. The odds of the intention to use contraceptives tend to increase with the increase in spousal age difference. Women\'s intra-household bargaining is a significant predictor of current contraceptive utilization and intention to use contraceptives.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore the importance of considering the couple\'s characteristics in reproductive healthcare programming and policies.
CONCLUSIONS: Greater women\'s intra-household bargaining power and smaller spousal age differences are associated with higher contraceptive usage. Empowering women and promoting their decision-making authority within households can enhance reproductive health outcomes.
摘要：
背景：在确定发展中国家的收缩利用行为方面，缺乏研究夫妻特征的研究。本研究通过分析女性家庭内部议价能力和配偶年龄差异在预测巴基斯坦女性避孕药具使用行为中的作用来填补这一空白。
方法：从2017-18年巴基斯坦人口与健康调查中提取了13,331个样本，不包括15-49岁的怀孕和性不活跃的已婚妇女。数据集是横截面的。探索性分析用于检查避孕知识的模式，使用避孕药具的类型，并打算在妇女中使用避孕药具。此外，在不考虑所有潜在协变量的情况下，采用二元回归方法来检验妇女家庭内议价能力和配偶年龄差异与避孕药具使用率之间的关系。
结果：只有33%的女性使用避孕药，而30%的人表示打算在未来使用避孕药具。几乎所有女性（98％）都知道现代避孕药。与同龄夫妇相比，在丈夫比她们大至少20岁或丈夫年轻的妇女中，观察到目前使用避孕药具的可能性更高。打算使用避孕药的几率随着配偶年龄差异的增加而增加。妇女的家庭内部讨价还价是当前避孕药具使用和使用避孕药具意图的重要预测因素。
结论：研究结果强调了在生殖保健规划和政策中考虑夫妇特征的重要性。
结论：更高的女性家庭内部议价能力和更小的配偶年龄差异与更高的避孕药具使用率相关。赋予妇女权力并在家庭中提高她们的决策权可以增强生殖健康成果。
方法：从2017-18年巴基斯坦人口与健康调查中提取了13,331个样本，不包括15-49岁的怀孕和性不活跃的已婚妇女。数据集是横截面的。探索性分析用于检查避孕知识的模式，使用避孕药具的类型，并打算在妇女中使用避孕药具。此外，在不考虑所有潜在协变量的情况下，采用二元回归方法来检验妇女家庭内议价能力和配偶年龄差异与避孕药具使用率之间的关系。
结果：只有33%的女性使用避孕药，而30%的人表示打算在未来使用避孕药具。几乎所有女性（98％）都知道现代避孕药。与同龄夫妇相比，在丈夫比她们大至少20岁或丈夫年轻的妇女中，观察到目前使用避孕药具的可能性更高。打算使用避孕药的几率随着配偶年龄差异的增加而增加。妇女的家庭内部讨价还价是当前避孕药具使用和使用避孕药具意图的重要预测因素。
结论：研究结果强调了在生殖保健规划和政策中考虑夫妇特征的重要性。
结论：更高的女性家庭内部议价能力和更小的配偶年龄差异与更高的避孕药具使用率相关。赋予妇女权力并在家庭中提高她们的决策权可以增强生殖健康成果。
