Abstract：
The plastisphere is the microbial communities that grow on the surface of plastic debris, often used interchangeably with plastic biofilm or biofouled plastics. It can affect the properties of the plastic debris in multiple ways. This review aims to present the effects of the plastisphere on the physicochemical properties of microplastics systematically. It highlights that the plastisphere modifies the buoyancy and movement of microplastics by increasing their density, causing them to sink and settle out. Smaller and film microplastics are likely to settle sooner because of larger surface areas and higher rates of biofouling. Biofouled microplastics may show an oscillating movement in waterbodies when settling due to diurnal and seasonal changes in the growth of the plastisphere until they come close to the bottom of the waterbodies and are entrapped by sediments. The plastisphere enhances the adsorption of microplastics for metals and organic pollutants and shifts the adsorption mechanism from intraparticle diffusion to film diffusion. The plastisphere also increases surface roughness, reduces the pore size, and alters the overall charge of microplastics. Charge alteration is primarily attributed to changes in the functional groups on microplastic surfaces. The plastisphere introduces carbonyl, amine, amide, hydroxyl, and phosphoryl groups to microplastics, causing an increase in their surface hydrophilicity, which could alter their adsorption behaviors for heavy metals. The plastisphere may act as a reactive barrier that enhances the leaching of polar additives. It may anchor bacteria that can break down plastic additives, resulting in decreased crystallinity of microplastics. This review contributes to a better understanding of how the plastisphere alters the fate, transport, and environmental impacts of microplastics. It points to the possibility of engineering the plastisphere to improve microplastic biodegradation.
摘要：
质体是在塑料碎片表面生长的微生物群落，通常与塑料生物膜或生物污染塑料互换使用。它可以以多种方式影响塑料碎片的性质。本文旨在系统地介绍塑料球对微塑料理化性能的影响。它强调了塑料球通过增加微塑料的密度来改变它们的浮力和运动，导致他们下沉并安顿下来。由于更大的表面积和更高的生物污染率，较小的和薄膜的微塑料可能会更快地沉降。由于质体生长的昼夜和季节性变化，生物污染的微塑料在沉降时可能会在水体中显示振荡运动，直到它们接近水体底部并被沉积物截留。塑料球增强了微塑料对金属和有机污染物的吸附，并将吸附机制从颗粒内扩散转移到膜扩散。塑料球还增加了表面粗糙度，减小孔径，并改变了微塑料的整体用量。电荷变化主要归因于微塑料表面上官能团的变化。塑料球引入羰基，胺,酰胺,羟基，和磷酰基到微塑料上，导致其表面亲水性增加，这可能会改变它们对重金属的吸附行为。塑料球可以充当增强极性添加剂的浸出的反应性屏障。它可能会锚定可以分解塑料添加剂的细菌，导致微塑料的结晶度降低。这篇评论有助于更好地理解质体如何改变命运，运输,以及微塑料对环境的影响。它指出了改造塑料球以改善微塑料生物降解的可能性。
