Abstract：
Fossil fuels, especially coal, have played a pivotal role in driving technological and economic advancements over the past century, though accompanied by numerous environmental challenges. Rapid progress in green and sustainable energy sources, including tidal, wind, and solar energy, coupled with growing environmental concerns, the conventional coal industry is experiencing a sustained decline in both size and financial viability. This situation necessitates the urgent adoption of advanced approaches to coal utilization. Beyond serving as an energy source, coal and its by-products, known as coal waste, can serve as valuable resources for the development of advanced materials, including photocatalysts. The advancement of photocatalytic materials derived from coal and coal waste can capitalize on these natural carbon and mineral sources, providing a viable solution to numerous environmental challenges. Currently, research in this domain remains in its early stages, with existing studies primarily focusing on specific types of photocatalysts or particular aspects of the fabrication process. Therefore, available coal-based and coal waste-based photocatalytic materials were systematically examined and categorized into six types according to their composition and dimensional/structural characteristics. Each type of photocatalytic material was introduced, along with common fabrication and characterization technologies. Representative works were discussed in detail to highlight the unique features of different types of coal-based and coal waste-based photocatalytic materials. Furthermore, the promising applications of these materials in environmental protection and pollution treatment were summarized, while also addressing the challenges and prospects in this research field. This review comprehensively overviews the fundamental knowledge and recent advancements in photocatalytic materials derived from coal and coal waste, with the goal of catalyzing the development of next generation photocatalysts and contributing to the transformation of the conventional coal industry.
摘要：
化石燃料,尤其是煤炭，在过去的一个世纪中，在推动技术和经济进步方面发挥了关键作用，尽管伴随着许多环境挑战。绿色和可持续能源的快速发展，包括潮汐，风,和太阳能，加上日益增长的环境问题，传统煤炭行业的规模和财务生存能力都在持续下降。这种情况迫切需要采用先进的煤炭利用方法。除了作为能源，煤炭及其副产品，被称为煤炭废物，可以作为开发先进材料的宝贵资源，包括光催化剂。来自煤炭和煤炭废物的光催化材料的进步可以利用这些天然碳和矿物来源，为众多环境挑战提供可行的解决方案。目前,这一领域的研究仍处于早期阶段，现有的研究主要集中在特定类型的光催化剂或制造过程的特定方面。因此,系统检查了可用的煤基和煤渣基光催化材料，并根据其组成和尺寸/结构特征将其分为六种类型。介绍了各种类型的光催化材料,以及常见的制造和表征技术。详细讨论了代表性作品，以突出不同类型的煤基和煤渣基光催化材料的独特特性。此外，总结了这些材料在环境保护和污染治理中的应用前景，同时也解决了这一研究领域的挑战和前景。这篇综述全面概述了煤和煤废料中光催化材料的基本知识和最新进展，目的是促进下一代光催化剂的发展，并为传统煤炭行业的转型做出贡献。
